Could Cold War Have Been Avoided?

Could Cold war go through been avoided? No, I strongly deal that the Cold War could not view as been avoided because Russia and America were natural enemies of the Soviet Union. The United States and Russia were just too polar countries with devil completely different leaders who never managed to see eye to eye which may have been the biggest reason the war was unavoidable. The other reason was that they had different ideologies and system of government. withal molotov plans n marshal planb.Truman and Stalin were two different leaders with two different ambitions and wants for their countries and time as leaders. The other reason for the Cold War being such a dispute was because of Trumans ignorance and greed. He more a good deal than not went back on what he said and made exceptionally high demands. The United States and the Soviet Union represent two argue systems of government. In the United States, the government is elected by free elections.The bulk can take in politi cal parties to voice their political opinions. They also accept the right of assembly, of computer address and of the press. In the Soviet Union, the government is formed by the Communist Party. The people do not have the right to form their own political parties. They do not enjoy the right of assembly, of speech and of the press. Since these two systems of government are diametrically opposed to one another, in that location can be little compromise between the United States and the Soviet Union.In the end, the Cold War buckles down to trio main three reason. Truman and Stalin had different thoughts and ambitions, they had different ideologies and system of government, and . The war could have been avoided is if Truman and Stalin had not gotten into so many arguments. The nuclear resources of the United States and the Soviet Union are larger, split equipped, and deadlier than at any other time in history.This incisive intensity contends that the superpowers, while exhibiting enormous ingenuity in the area of arms development, have shown only a minimal interest toward the containment of arms. This is a carefully document evaluation of how both superpowers, and of their failure to contain the nuclear arms career despite their involvement in the process for over a nincompoop of a century. Only the superpowers can reduce the proliferation of nuclear arms and in the process lessen likelihood of nuclear war through accident, charge or crisis escalation.

Effects of advertising Essay

Advertisements ar eerywhere, traveling by all ship bunsal possible, infiltrating the privacy that every person holds important to themselves and their family. American Marketing link defines publicise as the non-personal communication of selective information ordinarily paid for and usually persuasive in nature to the highest degree products, services or ideas by identified sponsors by the various media.Today, with the development of the technology and the diversity of the fix media, denote has influenced us pervasively in our daily life. publicizing has been apply in most of fields in society such as economical advertisings, educational advertisings, political advertisings, and healthy advertisings, etc. Advertising is apply to promote unspoileds, services, images, and anything else that advertisers want to publicize. It is becoming a major fracture of concourse media. We whitethorn view it positively at other times we whitethorn just skip or ignore it. In order to win audience, advertisers use various techniques on their publicizing to make good deal sensible of the firms products, services, or brands.Although the methods used by advertisers atomic number 18 infinitely, they go through a common goal to persuade those who may become their customers to corrupt their products. An excellent advertisement will create a deep touristed opinion on its potential customers through particular techniques. They deliver their advertisement through TV, radio, magazines and newspapers, internet, billboards, and other multi-media means. By advertising, individuals or companies be able to get to a greater extent(prenominal) extra profits from their products, promote their products, and gain the most important endeavor to sell.In many a(prenominal) cases, thither are most negative do some(prenominal) annoying hindrances in our daily lives. It makes our nerves, misrepresents the fair play, and adds to the cost of the product. Advertising i s intentional for one purpose to sell. To achieve this goal, advertisers are willing to stretch and distort the truth, just to dispose people to buy their products. For example, an advertisermay convince emptors to purchase their products by stating those brace been tested and found superior. In reality, the products are non better than any other the tests themselves doubtlessly conducted by the promoting community conducted to undertake at least something is superior about the product, even if it is only the color. These advertisements are worded carefully so that they are telling the literal truth the truth is exactly what the words say, although people misinterpret the message by development conversational logic as something different something better. By using ingenious tactics like these, the populace is deceived into buying a product that may not do what is required, or a product that a buyer may have never needed. That is why advertising is not good for our soci ety.First, I would like to discuss about the negative effects to children and youth. oneness of the most corrupt forms of advertising comes from cigarette companies. According to some investigator, laughingstock advertisements are degrading not only because the products behind them are prove to be a health hazard, but also because the advertisements are pore toward spring chickener generations. Many advertisements use young, attractive, healthy looking models when advertising for a brand of cigarettes or beer. Company advancements have led people to harmonise certain products with feelings of happiness or euphoria. There is no doubt that people smoke the most heavily advertised brands of cigarettes.Tobacco advertising developments young peoples risk of smoking by using themes that supplication to them, such as fun times, action, and being popular and attractive. (Family Education 1). Advertisings that sum up the Surgeon Generals warning along with the main organic structu re of the message are blatantly contradictive. These advertisings prove that in that respect are many forms of advertising without any morals, and that companies will go to great lengths to have their material body and image promoted regardless of the endpoints. The nations companies have put themselves forwards the children. Similar to the case of cigarette companies, Ph.D. Henry Saffer show that spending property to advertise alcohol contributes to increase the rate of students drinking.Alcohol remains popular with American college students, as indicated by the Core Institute Survey (1998). In 1997, 84.2% of college students reporteddrinking alcohol, an increase of 2% everyplace the prior year. For comparison, there were similar increases in the prevalence of tobacco and marijuana use. Moderate to forbidding drinking also increased with corresponding reductions in abstention and weightlessness drinking. Nationwide, students reported consuming an average of 5.64 drinks per week in 1997, up about 7% over 1996.The Core Institute also reported that 45.5% of students had consumed cinque or more drinks in one sitting in the foregoing 2 weeks. much than 21% of the students reported three or more episodes of this kind of high-risk drinking in the previous 2 weeks. Finally, more than 90% of American college students reported that drinking is a central part of campus mixer life. (Henry Saffer, Ph.D., Alcohol Advertising and Youth, pg. 173)According to Competitive Media Reporting, more than $1.2 million was exhausted in 1998 on alcohol advertising in measurable media (i.e., print media, outdoor advertising, radio and television). An additional two-thirds billion dollars was spent on other forms of promotion, including sponsorships, couponing and direct mail. Alcohol advertising had decreased from 1987 to 1996 by 34%, in real terms. However, since 1997, alcohol advertising has been increasing. Part of the recent increase includes the use of cable televis ion by spirits advertisers. (Henry Saffer, Ph.D., Alcohol Advertising and Youth, pg. 173)Second, advertisements can change or impact an individuals behavior, attitude, expectations, or relationships. The more advertising that a person watches the more that they are influenced by it. The more that they are influenced by advertising the less important their relationships become. Consequently, the behaviors that we flourish and the influences on our physical environment are directly affected by the amount of advertisements that we see.In the world of advertising, lovers are things and things are lovers (Kilbourne, Cant Buy My get laid How advertising changes the way we reckon and feel, pg. 77). Sadly, advertising promotes a corrupt and bankrupt concept of relationships (Kilbourne, Cant Buy My Love How advertising changes the way we think and feel, pg. 77). It is unavoidable and extremely damaging to our relationships and specially families. With the divorce rate and domesticviolenc e rate at the highest it has ever been, it is necessary to evaluate the influences of advertising to our relationships. It has become more and more laborious to relate to our partners in a manner that isnt objectifying and exploitative.These are images that are forced into our heads and we may have very little control over. Moreover, advertising creates images of what is appropriate behavior in a relationship, using products. That behavior is not always one that is idealistic for real life relationships and generally can be very damaging to intimate and personal relationships. Advertising plays a part in dictating our expectations of our mate, ranging from money and clothing to behavior and attitude. Therefore, when messages and images are repeatedly presented to us they inevitably have an impact on our relationships. Our intimate relationships have been trivialized and our relationships with products have become more important.Another negative effect is that some advertisings use the versed content to attract the guardianship of consumers. Consistently, studies have exhibit that sexual appeals attract attention to the advertising, typically without a corresponding usefulness for brand information processing. Sexual content may be catchy and entertaining, but it may not be communicative and might incommode the viewer from the message. Reichert, Heckler, and Jackson (2001) claim that when sexual stimulus is used in advertising, viewers perceptual and processing resources are directed toward the sexual information in the ad rather than toward the brand.Therefore, they will not have a perspicacious decision to buy the products. Recently days, on the television, some ships company try to develop the crazy adverting project that use womens venter to advertise. They make some small advertising boards and they paste them on the swell up of women and then they ask them to wear short skirt and bikini, after that they will go around some public locations. In t his case, it is very nonsensical that it can promote the womens body not the products. Finally, use sexual content to advertise is one of the negative effects of advertising that is worse in the society.Throughout history politicos have used various methods, such as persuasive speeches, political advertising and political rallies, to achieve their simple goal, the winning votes. But according to the results of theresearch made by won Ho Chang (Professor and Director of the Stephenonson Research Center at the University of Missouris School of Journalism), Jae-Jin Park (Public Relation Specialist with LG Corporation in Seoul, Korea) and birdsong Wook Shim (graduate student in the School of Journalism at the University of Missouri) in 1998 over the years, politicians have found that it is most advantageous to use political advertising to persuade voters. For example, the majority of presidential campaigns depend on television advertising.Clinton spent $12 million of his $30.9 millio n limit on television commercials in the middle of the primaries, $42.4 million during reconvention, and $44 million on television ads in the general election. A total of $98.4 million was used on television commercials. In my opinion, it is not good for the citizens and will influence on the result of take. The voters will receive much positive information of the politicians and they will be distracting the purpose of vote.Moreover, by using an effective political advertising, a politician can win the other politicians even though he is not as good as the others, and it is unfair to them. There are no a commission to check the information of political advertising that is hale or wrong therefore, the voters will have no chance to point what the politicians will do for them. Some politician just tries to get votes by any ways, and when they win they forget what they promise. In short, advertising in voting is not a good method and it also makes some injustice to both the politici ans and the voters.The last problem is that some activities in our society are wrapped by the advertisings. On the streets of our city, many advertising billboards are reinforced to advertise for some products and it makes he city become uncivilized. On the television, there are many programs of advertising that trouble the audiences. For example, when people are attracted by a wonderful program, some adverting programs are run and distract them. More over, on the Internet, now people get many difficulties to check their electronic mail in the inbox because they have seen many advertising letter from some company in their inbox. In short, some of advertisings are now obstructing the process of some activities in our society.Advertising has a strong influence over social behaviors, attitudes, andexpectations of individuals involved in intimate relationships between men and women Companies spend millions of dollars on advertising every year. The companies are very aware of the effect of advertisement on the community. Companies would not spend millions of dollars on advertising if it had little or no effect on the public. We all know that advertising provides a general service of informing us about products. But, does it also unnecessarily affect our behavior, relationships, and environment? How can we avoid the negative effects of advertising, oddly in our relationships?Nowadays, in order to promote the products, many companies abuse so much of the advertising. In this case, they do not pay enough attention to the quality and the value of the products. Therefore, although advertising can bring them the profit and promotion from selling their products, they have to consider some bad effects of them on the society.ReferencesFamily Education Network Cigarettes Dont Believe the Hype cited in 18/12/2004 at www.familyeducation.comHenry Saffer, Ph.D., Alcohol Advertising and Youth, subject Bureau of Economic Research, 365 Fifth Avenue, 5th floor, New York, New Yor k 10016-4309Kilbourne, jean (1999). Cant Buy My Love How advertising changes the way we think and feel. New York Touchstone.Andrea Dworkin, Pornography Men Possessing Women (New York Phime, 1989)Reichert, T., Heckler, S.E. & Jackson, S. 2001, the effects of sexual social marketing appeals on cognitive processing and persuasion. Journal of Advertising, vol. 30, no. 1, pp. 13-27.Won Ho Chang, Jae-Jin Park, and Sung Wook Shim. Effectiveness of Negative Political Advertising. Cited in 21/12/2004 athttp//www.scripps.ohiou.edu/wjmcr/vol02

12 Angry Men: Jury’s Conflict Involved on Verdict Essay

Any instrument panel trial is bound to have rough sort of appointment concern when coming to a verdict. The portrayal of a murder case in the movie, 12 Angry Men, involves galore(postnominal) assorted theoretical accounts of conflict, as well as the antennaes to conflict used by polar characters. Almost every talk in the film involves conflict, since the characters argon all debating whether or not the male child being tried for murder is guilty or not, but at that place are a few scenes in which different types of conflict and different approaches to conflict seem to stand out.The room in which the men are sitting and debating the case has a table with each of the men sitting around it. Jury extremity numerate one, who sits at the head of the table, takes on the role as the leader of the discussion by formatting how the balloting goes and asking all fragments whether they agree to either decisions made. In one scene, the sr. musical composition with the summer f rigorific comes over to dialog box member tally one and tells, stop being a kid. K. I. D. Kid. Jury member number one opposes, Just because I am trying to keep this affaire organized? Here, you take the responsibility. Ill precisely keep my mouth shut, thats all. This scene is an example of ego/Identity conflict because of the beliefs that the man with the cold sees gore member number one as being a kid because he is younger than him. Jury member number one seemed to take the responsibility of leading the group just because of his number, but the man with the cold seemed to get upset and create a conflict with him because of his age.See moreSocial Satire in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn seeThe different types of characters in the jury decision create many different examples of approaches to conflict. Jury member number two, the quiet man with the glasses, becomes the target of many of the other characters. When the men are all going around and explaining their reasons for why they feel the boy is guilty, Jury member number terce interrupts and says, what near the switch-knife found in the mans chest? Jury member number two says, Wait a second, there are some plurality who havent talked yet, shouldnt we go in assemble? Jury member number three says, forget about the people who havent gone yet, be quiet will ya? This causes jury member number two to quiet down and not respond. This approach to conflict is an example of competing because of the win-lose outcome of the conflict. Jury member number three makes sure that he uses his alpha male status and shuts down jury member number two without any complaint.The last situation is an example of conflict as well as the approach to conflict. When the men assume to make an anonymous vote and one of them writes not guilty on the paper, jury member number three calls out the man who had big(a) up in the slums and says that he changed his vote because he fell for the discourse of the first member who felt the boy was not guilty. After holler at the man, the old man finally admits to changing is vote. Later, jury member number three attempts to apologize for calling out the man who grew up in the slums and he just walks right past him without responding. This is an example of Ego/Identity conflict because jury member number three judged the man who grew up in the slums and expected him to change his vote because of his past. The approach to the conflict later is avoidance because the man who grew up in the slums chooses to not respond to the apology and walk right past the man without getting into any type of conflict.

When I Was a Lad

Through break my life, a number of events put one over happened that I have never forgotten. None of these things argon particularly important, except each of them have made such an flick on me that I have never been able to get them verboten of my mind. Each of them have remained seargond on my memory. The first occurred when I was close to fin or six years old, every hebdomadend my family and I would go into town to do the weekly shopping. My sisters and I would each be given a worst with which to misdirect an ice cream. If we had any convince left over, we would go to a nearby sweet shop and buy a small pick n mix.However, one day, we passed by a bookshop which was filled from floor to ceiling with shelves upon shelves of books and magazines. In the window, was the 1992 beano yearly which I wanted more than anything in the world. I used to buy the Beano comic every week on the way home from nurture with the change from my dinner money. I pleaded with my parents to buy m e it but they told me that I would have to save up my change from my ice cream every week until I had enough money to buy it myself. My elder sister had besides confabulaten a book she liked and so decided to save up her money as well.So every weekend I would acquire a small ice cream instead of a banging one so as to receive more change. However, my sister in time purchased a with child(p) ice cream so she received less(prenominal) change than me. After a month or two of saving, my founder took my sister and I back to the bookshop. I was quite confident that I would have a bit of money left over and I was correct, after I had purchased the Beano Annual I had a pound to spare. However, when it came to buying my sisters book she was just under a pound myopic of purchasing it.I thought that it served her right for being so jealous by purchasing a large ice cream every week. However, she started to cry, right in the middle of the shop. People were turning almost and perfect( a) at us, so my dad took my pound shoot me and gave it to my sister I was outraged I hadnt had small ice creams all those weeks while she had large ones just so I could give my money to her I stormed out of the shop and ran away as fast as I could, but my father soon caught up with me and gave me a good telling off before dragging me home. Now that I look back, I dont see why I made such a big take in about it.The following(a) thing that stands out in my mind, happened two or three years later when my family and I went on holiday to Majorca. We stayed in an apartment on the top floor of the building that was directly next to the beach. The sun beamed down on us every day that we were thither so we were on the beach most long time. The beach was in a secluded bay in Porta Pollenca and the water was a rope warmer than at any British beaches. A couple of days into the holiday, my elder sister and I rented a pedalo. A pedalo is a risible looking rowing boat that is sailed by mean s of pedals and steered by a sort of joystick.We decided to pedal out into the middle of the bay where at that place was a small rocky island that would only be able to suppress about three people at a squeeze. It took about five minute to reach the tiny island and we decided to get out and put on it. We sat and looked out back at the beach and talked for what must(prenominal) have been about five minutes. My sister looked at her watch and state that we should be going as our parents would be wondering where we were so we glum around to get back into the pedalo only to find that it had goneWe looked around the bay and saw that it had floated quite a long way away, we were desert None of us could swim very well so we couldnt swim out to the pedalo. It was then that a large green crab crawled up onto the rock. My sister is afraid of anything with eight limbs, spiders and crabs alike, so she started to scream at the top of her voice and jump up and down, flailing her arms around . Everybody on land started to point and stare at us. In the end, someone phoned the lifeguard and they came out and took us back to shore, it was so humiliatingIt is memories like these that have wrought me into who I am today. I still have the 1992 Beano Annual up in the attic along with photographs of my holiday to Majorca. But in several years time, when these things are covered in layers of dust and are just about ready to fall apart, the memories that they have given me allow live on for eternity in my mind, and when Im old and senile, I crumb torture any grandchildren I may have by regailing them with tales of when I was a lad.

Computer games: Related literature Essay

computing machine naughtys argon the second nigh frequently used application after social media (Wakoopa, and oppose outcomes, especially with respect to aggression (see in Sherry, 2001 Elson & Ferguson, 2013a, 2013c Ferguson, 2007). Although slight than 4% to 5% of the usersadolescents and second-string naturalize studentsare addicted to television system/ computing device game (Kuss & Griffiths, 2012), rough of the authors expressed that computer game dependency is common in adolescence and this causes a cycle of example panic (see the moral panic issue of computer games in Barnett & Coulson, 2010 Elson & Ferguson, 2013b Ferguson, Coulson, & Barnett, 2011). Hellstrm et al. (2012) name use computer games for escapism and gaining shape increased their negative effects and, in contrast, using games for fun and sociableness decreased negative effects of games. 2012). Computer and online game play rate and sales are increasing every day (Entertainment Software Associatio n, 2012).Computer and online games are preferred by a wide range of mint ranging from children and adolescents to adults. Entertainment Software Associations (2012) research showed that the average game player is 30 years old and 32% of the players are less(prenominal) than 18 years old. Players choose to play games for several reasons such as fun, recreation (Griffiths & Hunt, 1995 Kuss & Griffiths, 2012), coping with adjudicate (Grusser, Thalemann, Albrecht, & Thalemann, 2005 Wood & Griffiths, 2007), sociability, gaining status (Hellstrm, Nilsson, Leppert, & slund, 2012), and escaping real flavor (Wan & Chiou, 2006 Wood, Griffiths, & Parke, 2007). Research on video and computer gaming literature reports twain positive and negative effects on players. Fifty-two percent of the parents highlighted that computer game play is positive and an important element of their childrens conduct (Entertainment Software Association, 2012).Thus, playing games promotes problem solving, visual , motor, and spatial skills and fosters interaction with friends outside of school (Boot, Kramer, Simons, Fabiani, & Gratton, 2008 Phillips, Rolls, Rouse, & Griffiths, 1995). Moreover, games may be effective educational tools and games relieve boredom and stress (Bowman & Tamborini, 2012). Despite the positive effects of playing computer games for adolescents, at that place are also negative effects,especially addictive computer game playing (Witt, Massman, & Jackson, 2011). Researchers have been investigating whether computer games can cause time twisting (Rau, Peng, & Yang, 2006), inattention, hyperactivity (Chan & Rabinowitz, 2006), aggressive behavior (Ferguson, 2007), violent acts (Ferguson et al., 2008), and negative emotions (Chumbley & Griffiths, 2006).Furthermore, researchers are investigating whether there is an association between computer gaming and smoking, drug use, depression (Desai, Krishnan-Sarin, Cavallo, & Potenza, 2010), negative self-esteem, social anxiety and loneliness (Van Rooij, Schoenmakers, Vermulst, Van Den Eijnden, & Van De Mheen, 2011), introversion, sensation-seeking, neuroticism, economic crisis emotional intelligence (Kuss & Griffiths, 2012), and low well-being (Barnett & Coulson, 2010). Most of this work found correlations between games and negative outcomes, but there are also a lot of studies reporting no correlation or only wan correlations between games and negative outcomes, especially with respect to aggression (see in Sherry, 2001 Elson & Ferguson, 2013a, 2013c Ferguson, 2007).Although less than 4% to 5% of the usersadolescents and secondary school studentsare addicted to video/computer game (Kuss & Griffiths, 2012), some of the authors expressed that computer game addiction is common in adolescence and this causes a cycle of moral panic (see the moral panic issue of computer games in Barnett & Coulson, 2010 Elson & Ferguson, 2013b Ferguson, Coulson, & Barnett, 2011). Hellstrm et al. (2012) found using computer game s for escapism and gaining status increased their negative effects and, in contrast, using games for fun and sociability decreased negative effects of games.

Chapter 4 : Account Titles and Preparation of Financial Statements

Chapter 4 Account Titles and Preparation of Financial educations oblige 14 The oddment sheet items shallbe categorized as conjoins 1. Assets. (1) up-to-date summations. (2) Funds and long-run enthr atomic number 53ments. (3) Property, fix and equipment. (4) Depletable pluss. (5) Intangible additions. (6) Other additions. 2.Liabilities. obligate 15 Current assets bastardly unrestricted specie and cash equivalent, short-term investments, and separate(a) assets that argon ex potpourriable to cash or expended within mavin(a) year. Categorization and e military rank of catamenia asset titles on with necessitate explanatory nones ar as follows 1. hard currency and Cash equivalent cash on hand, sterilises with banks, cash for revolving handling, petty cash, and short-term and go byingly liquid investment that give the sack be converted into a unyielding add up of cash with af seemly fluctuation having small impact thereon, excluding those already set aside for use or restricted by faithfulness or contract the distinguish character and needed nones argon as follows (1) Non-demand-deposits with maturity all over a year shall be contract. 2) Time deposits (including moveable certificates of deposit) shall be reclassified as separate assets if provided as quick temper for a long-run liability or as some new(prenominal) ongoing liabilities if provided as lien for a reliable liability, and shall be specified in the nones for the fact of collateralization.Refundable deposit shallbe classified as a received or early(a) asset by the long- or short-term spirit, and shall be specified in the nones. (3) Compensating proportions shall be classified as current assets if arising from short-term loans, or reclassified as other(a) assets or long-run investments if arising from semipermanent liabilities. 2.Short-term investment out(p)lined as investment that is short-term the constitution of titles and e paygrade thereof and the mandatory explanatory notes argon as follows (1) Financial asset with change in honorable cheer being record as actualizes or wantes and pecuniary asset available for sale shall be look ond using the ordinary cheer on the labyrinthine sense sheet appointment the fair assess of listed or OTC tenor and depository receipts indicate the closing footing on the ease sheet date. 2) Financial assets which need to be interchange within a short conclusion of time, thus changing in fair scotch apprise and incurring a gain or waiver, moldiness be glinted in the monetary assets records or when determining how to measure the gains or outragees, you decided on using fair cheer to reflect these changes in fair apprize, these figures essential also be reflected in your financial asset records. 3) Financial asset available for sale shall mean the non-derivative financial assets other than the financial assets with change in fair economic appraise being put down into gai ns or losses, which financial assets argon to be held until the date of final result. 4) Short-term investments provided as a lien, collateral or refundable deposit shall be recorded as a short-term investment if the liability for such an investment is provided as a guarantee if a short-term investment is provided as a guarantee for a long-term liability, such investments shallbe recorded as long-term investments. Facts regarding the guaranteeshall be specified in either case. 3. hedge financial assets delineate as the financial assets set up in hedging storying, which atomic number 18 apply as effective hedging tools, shall be measured by fair foster and divided into current and non-current according to the liquidity of the items to be deferd non-current hedging financial liabilities shall be recorded as hedging financial liabilities under other assets. 4. Notes Receivable delimitate as various notes which argon collected by the tune entity.The write uping nature, ra ting and call for notes ar as follows (1) Shall be set at the present jimmy, or may be value at the submit value if maturing within one year. (2) Notes receivable that were discounted or transferred to others shall be deducted and specified. (3) Notes receivable arising from transactions shall be presented respectively from those not arising from trading operations. 4) Large-sum notes receivable from related persons shall be presented individually. (5) Notes receivable that ar provided as collateral shall be specified in the notes. (6) Notes receivable determined to be uncollectible shall be written get through. (7) Notes receivable shall be cute at closing for the uncollectible arrive, and any allowance for the uncollectible add up shall be properly provided and presented as the contra direct of the notes receivable. 5.Accounts Receivable delimitate as the shoot of the telephone circuit entity arising from tradeing goods or services the beaking nature, militar y rating and inevitable notes atomic number 18 as follows (1) Shall be set at the present value or may be precious at the maintain value if maturing within one year. (2) Large-sum billhooks receivable from related persons shall be presented individually. (3) Unrealized interest receiptss from installment sales shall be presented as the contra account of the accounts receivable. 4) Accounts receivable to be collected over one year, shall be specified in the notes for the add up of pass judgment assemblage of each year. (5) Designated Collateralized Accounts Receivable shall be disclosed in the notes. (6) Accounts receivable that includes receivables from a long-term twirl contract shall be presented and specified in the notes for the reserved fragment that has been billed as it pertains to the construction account.Where the expected collection of the reserved list runs past one year, the expected amount of collection for each year shall be specified in the notes. (7) Acco unts receivable determined as uncollectible shall be written off. (8) Accounts receivable shall be valued at closing for the ungathered amount, and an allowance for the uncollectible amount shall be properly provided and presented as the contra account of the accounts receivable. . Other Receivables delimit as the receivables that do not belong to the categories of receivables in the preceding paragraph the account nature, rating and required notes are as follows (1) Other receivables exceeding pentad percent of the sum of current assets shall be presented separately by nature or object. 2) Other receivables shall be valued at closing for the uncollected amount, and an allowance for the uncollected amount shall be properly provided and presented as the contra account of the receivables. Where the receivables are classified greater detail, , the allowance account shall also be presented accordingly. 7.Inventories outlined as merchandise or goods, either finished goods or by-produ cts for sale in normal operations along with goods that are work-in-process to be sold upon completion, or raw materials or supplies utilize directly or indirectly in the production of goods (or services) for sale the account nature, valuation and required notes are as follows (1) Inventories shall be valued using the lower of damage or securities industry price order. 2) Inventories with defect, damage or obsolescence causing an unambiguous decline in value shall be valued based on the give the axe realizable value. (3) Inventories that are provided as lien or guarantee, whose example is supervised by creditors, and so on shall be specified. 8. Prepayments define as various apostrophizes and expenses prepaid.With exclusion for bills required by contract for the purchase of ameliorate assets and construction funds for unor arousented construction funds, which should some(prenominal) be categorized as unconquerable assets. 9. Other Current Assets define as current a ssets that do not belong to the prior seven categories of current assets. However, any of the preceding(prenominal) categories of current assets, with the exception of cash, not exceeding cardinal percent of the sum of current assets may be merged into other current assets. Article 16 Funds and long-term investments are delimitate as the various funds set aside for operational inventions and long-term investments apply by the business for special purposes the account categories, valuation and required notes are as follows 1. Funds delimit as assets provided for special purposes, including drop funds, improvement and expansion funds, contingency loss funds and other related mutual funds. The resolution and implementation method on which appropriation of the funds is based shall be specified. 2.Long-term Investments delimitate as investments of a long-term nature, such as investment in other enterprises, purchases of long-term bonds or investments in real estate or other re lated investments the account nature, valuation and required notes are as follows (1) Long-term investments shall be specified for the valuation basis and shall be presented separately by nature. (2) The chronicle handling of long-term equity investments valued by equity method shall follow the commissariat of the Statement of Financial score Standards No. announced by the Accounting Research and Development Foundation of the Republic of China (hereinafter referred to as the Statement of Financial Accounting Standards). (3) The accounting handling of long-term equity investments not valued by the equity method shall follow the provisions outlined in the Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 34. (4) Long-term investments that are provided as lien or subject to restrictions, limitations, etc. hall be specified. (5) Long-term equity investments measured by cost means those who throw the by-line securities without material impact or the derivative products moving along wi th such securities and deliver through such securities 1. Equity securities that are not traded at the caudex exchange or not traded over the OTC. 2. emergent stock. (6) Financial assets in held-to-maturity delineate as non-derivative financial asset with fixed or determined collection amounts and date of expiry, which business have fast-growing(a) intent and capability to hold until the date of expiry. Bond investments which are held until the date of expiry shall be measured by amortized cost investments held until the date of expiry that expire within one year shall be recorded as a current asset. (7) Bond investments measured by amortized cost defined as bond investment without the open quote of active grocery with fixed or determined collectable amount that meet the undermentioned conditions 1.Not doom to be measured by fair value and the change of fair value being recorded as gains and losses. 2. Not destined to be available for sale. Article 17 Fixed assets defined as tangible assets which are provided for use in operations, not intended for sale, and used for to a greater extent than one year the account categories, valuation and required notes are as follows 1.Land defined as res publica or permanent buck improvements used in operations its valuation includes acquisition be, land improvements of a permanent nature and increases in value from reappraisal, etc. The estimated reserve provided for land value increment value on the increase in value from revaluation shall be classified as a long-term liability.Land that is temporarily registered under the name of others, rather than that of the business entity itself, collect to legal restrictions shall be disclosed in the notes and all safeguarding measures shall be specified. 2. Buildings defined as self-owned expression and structures and other accessory facilities the valuation includes acquisition costs of the building and structures, capitalized expenditures after acquisition that tro uble the useful invigoration or ervice potential of the asset, and increases in value from revaluation. 3. Machinery and Equipment defined as self-owned machinery or shall be valued at cost and may be classified as fixed assets or intangible assets. Leasehold improvements moldinessiness be depreciated or amortized jolly and systematically without falling out based on its durable lifespan or lease term, depending which one comes first, then they can be transferred as a compensation in a rational and systemic method or share its cost. . miscellaneous Fixed Assets defined as the assets that do not belong to the previous five categories the valuation includes acquisition costs and capitalized expenditures prior to acquisition which extend the useful life or service potential of the asset, thus increase in value from revaluation. 7.Construction in Progress and Prepayment for Equipment defined as construction operations that are in process or installations that are unfinished along w ith prepayments for purchases of fixed assets to be used in operations The valuation includes the costs incurred during the process of construction and installation. Fixed assets should be specified for the valuation basis and, if revalued, the date of revaluation and the amount of increase or come down must also be specified.With the exception of land, other fixed assets, upon stretching an useable condition, shall be depreciated springably and systematically during each expiration without perturbation with the depreciation method specified, and the depreciation shall be transferred by nature to expenses or indirect manufacturing costs of each period the hoard depreciation shall be presented as the contra account of the fixed asset. Fixed assets with no operation value shall e regarded as other assets below the force out realizable value or book value. The cost and accumulated depreciation of the assets that have no net realizable value must be written off and the difference shall be recognized as a loss. A fixed asset that is still in use after its service life shall be depreciated based on the salvage value. Fixed assets that are provided as guarantee, mortgage, collateral, etc. shall be specified. Article 18 Depletable assets are defined as natural resources whose value decreases after extraction, cutting or other means of alteration the account valuation and required notes are as follows 1. Depletable assets shall be recorded according to the exact cost of acquisition, exploration and development. 2. Depletable assets should be specified for the valuation basis and, if revalued, the date of revaluation and the amount of increase should be specified. . Depletable assets shall be depleted reasonably and systematically each period without interruption within the estimated extraction or useful life with the depletion method specified. The depletion shall be transferred to inventories or cost of goods sold. The accumulated depletion shall be presented as the contra account of the depletable asset. 4. Depletable assets that are provided as guarantee, mortgage, collateral, etc. shall be specified. Article 19 Intangible assets are defined as assets of economic value however without physical existence the account categories, valuation and required notes are as follows 1. Trademarks defined as trademarks that are legally acquired or purchased the valuation thereof shall use the unamortized cost. 2. Patents defined as patents that are legally acquired or purchased the valuation thereof shall use the unamortized cost. 3. copyright defined as the rights to publish, sell or perform the original or translated work of literature, art, academe, music, movie, etc. the valuation thereof shall use the unamortized cost. 4. Computer computer software defined as computer software purchased or developed for sale, rented or marketed by other means the valuation thereof shall use the unamortized portion of costs of purchase or costs incurred from the establishment of technological feasibility to the production of product masters. The costs incurred prior to the establishment of technological feasibility shall be expensed as research and development costs. . Good leave behind defined as the goodwill acquired at a given price the depreciation try shall be conducted annually. Recognized goodwill impairmen cannot be reversed. 6. arranging apostrophizes defined as the necessary costs incurred for organizing a business entity during its startup period. Organization costs shall be valued at the unamortized cost. Self-developed intangible assets that cannot be distinctly identified, as goodwill, shall not be recognized as assets.Research expenditures and development expenditures, with the exception of commissioned research where the costs can be make sensely vulcanized according to contract, must be regarded as an incurred expense. However, development expenditure confrontation the chase requirement can be capitalized the amount of capitalization cannot exceed the estimated present net income value on future recovery, the present value for estimated future income post subtraction of recurring research, development expenditure, production cost and marketing expenses 1.Technical viability has been do possible to cop such intangible asset. 2. profession entities intend complete such intangible asset and put it out for use or sale. 3. Business entities are capable of using or selling such intangible asset. 4. There exists a specific market encompassing intangible assets or its products such intangible asset for inborn use shall possess useful qualities. 5.Business entities have sufficient technology, finance and other resources to complete such development project and use or sell such intangible asset. 6. Expenditures that are regarded as such intangible asset during the development period can be reliably measured. Intangible assets shall be specified for the valuation basis those whose duration of economic benefit can be reasonably estimated shall be reasonably and systemically amortized over the years of useful life. The length of amortization and method of calculation shall be specified.Intangible assets without clear economic benefit cannot be amortized. Article 20 Other assets are defined as assets that do not belong to the previous five categories of assets and whose collection or liquidation extends over one year the account categories, valuation and required notes are as follows 1. Assets Leased to Others defined as the self-owned assets that are leased to others by a business entity whose main business is not investment or leasing. . Idle Assets defined as assets that are shortly not being used in operations. Idle assets shall be valued at the net realizable value. 3. Refundable Deposit defined as the cash or other assets provided to others for the purpose of guarantee. 4. Long-term Notes, Accounts and Overdue Receivables defined as the notes, accounts and overdue r eceivables whose date of collection has ran over one year.Long-term notes and account receivables shall be valued at the present value and overdue receivables shall be valued at the net realizable value. 5. Deferred Assets defined as the incurred expenses whose benefits last for more than one year, which must be borne by future periods. Deferred assets shall be valued at the unamortized cost. 6. Miscellaneous Assets defined as other assets that do not belong to the previous five categories of other assets.Overdue receivables of a material amount shall be presented individually, overdue occurrences must be stated specifically including reason and amount of uncollectible allowance provided. Other assets exceeding five percent of the sum of total assets shallbe separately presented by nature. Article 21 Current liabilities are regarded as liabilities that are to be settled by use of current assets or other current liabilities within one year. The account categories, valuation and req uired notes for current liabilities are as follows 1.Short-term Borrowings defined as the sum of money that is borrowed or is an overdraft from a financial institution or another party and is to be repaid within one year or one operating cycle the valuation and required notes are as follows (1) Shall be valued at the present value. (2) Shall be specified by type or nature, guarantee situation and interest rate set up of the borrowings, and, if collateral is provided, the name and book value of the collateral. 3) Borrowings from financial institutions, owners, employees, related persons, and other persons or institutions shall be separately specified. 2. Short-term Notes and Bills Payable defined as the short-term notes and bills issued through a commissioned financial institution for the purpose of obtaining funds from the money market, including commercial paper account collectible and bank tolerations, etc. the valuation and required notes are as follows (1) Shall be valued at the present value discounts on short-term notes and bills payable shall be presented as the contra account on the short-term notes and bills payable. (2) Shall be specified for the guarantee, institution of acceptance and interest rate, and if collateral is provided, the name and book value of the collateral. 3.Other Financial Liabilities defined as liabilities meeting one of the following conditions (1) financial liabilities at fair value according to the income statement should be recorded as gains and losses indicating the financial liabilities to be bought back within a short period of time or financial liabilities assigned to be measured by fair value at original recording with change in fair value being recorded as profit and loss. 2) Hedging Financial Liabilities defined as the financial liabilities destined by hedge accounting which are effective hedging tools, and shall be measured by fair value and divided into current and non-current according to the liquidity of the ite ms to be hedged non-current hedging financial liabilities shall be recorded as hedging financial liabilities under other liabilities. 4.Notes Payables defined as the various notes payable by the business entity the valuation and required notes are as follows (1) Notes payables shall be valued at the present value, or may be valued at the slope value if due within one year. (2) Notes payables arising from operations shall be separately presented from those not arising from operations. (3) Notes payable of a material amount to related parties shall be presented individually. 4) Notes payable with collateral provided shall be specified for the name and book value of the collateral. (5) Notes payable that are used as warranter and can be recovered for cancellation at the termination of guarantee certificate of indebtedness may not be presented as current liabilities, but shall be specified in the notes to financial statements for the nature and amount of the guarantee. 5.Accounts Pay able defined as the various accounts payable by the business entity the valuation and required notes are as follows (1) Shall be valued at the present value, or may be valued at the book value if due within one year. (2) Accounts payable arising from operations shall be separately presented from those not arising from operations. (3) Accounts payable of a material amount to related parties shall be presented individually. 4) Accounts payable with collateral provided shall be specified for the name and book value of the collateral. 6. Income valuate Payables defined as the estimated income tax to be paid based on the taxable income. 7. Other Payables defined as any of the payables that do not belong to the previous categories of payables, such as other tax payables, profits payables, etc. the valuation and required notes are as follows (1) Shall be valued at the present value, or may be valued at the book value if due within one year. 2) Dividend and bonus payables whose appropria tion method and expected payment date are determined must be disclosed. (3) If paid amount exceeds 5% of total current liabilities, records must indict the nature of the transaction or the parties involved in the transaction. 8. turn up Receipts defined as various sums of money received in advance. Advance receipts shall be presented separately by major social class with special contract items specified. 9.Other Current Liabilities defined as current liabilities that do not belong to the previous eight-spot categories. However, any of the previous eight categories of current liabilities not exceeding five percent of the sum of total current liabilities may be merged into other current liabilities. Article 22 Long-term liabilities mean liabilities whose payment deadline exceeds one year or one operating cycle, whichever is the longer the account categories, valuation and required notes are as follows 1.Corporate Bonds Payable defined as debentures issued by an issuer the valuati on and required notes are as follows (1) Company bonds shall be valued at the face value adjusted for the unamortized premium and discount the premium and discount shall be reasonably and systematically amortized as the adjustment of interest expense over the periods where the bonds are outstanding. 2) The approved total amount, interest rate, maturity date, name of the collateral, book value, place of issue and other covenants of bonds issued shall be specified in the note. (3) Where the bonds issued are convertible bonds, the conversion method and the amount already converted shall be specified. 2. Long-term Loans Payable defined as the loans payable whose repayment deadlines is xceeds one year the valuation and required notes are as follows (1) shall be valued at the present value. (2) The content, maturity date, interest rate, name of the collateral, book value and other covenants of shall be specified. Where the repayment of long-term loans payable is denominated at a exotic c urrency or is based on a foreign currency exchange rate, the name and amount of the foreign currency shall be specified. 3) Long-term borrowings from owners, employees or related persons shall be separately specified. 3. Long-term notes and accounts payable Mean the notes payables, accounts payables, etc. whose payment deadline exceeds one year. Long-term notes payable and other long-term accounts payables shall be valued at the present value. 4. Preferred stock liability defined as the issuance of preferred stock of the nature of financial liability in compliance with No. 6 bare of the Financial Accounting Standard. Article 23 Other liabilities are liabilities that cannot be classified as current or long-term liabilities the account categories are as follows 1. Deferred Liabilities defined as deferred revenues, deferred income tax liabilities, etc. 2. Deposits Received defined as the cash or other assets received from customers for the purpose of assurance. 3.Miscellaneous Liabi lities defined as other liabilities that do not belong to the previous both categories. Other liabilities exceeding five percent of the sum of total liabilities shall be presented separately by nature. Article 24 Capital defined as the capital brought into the business entity by the o wner and registered with a competent imprimatur however it does not include preferred stock of liability nature the items that shall be specified in the notes are as follows 1.The kinds of capital, face value per share, number of shares authorized, number of shares issued and special conditions shall be specified. 2. Convertible preferred stock and global depository receipts shall be specified for the place of issue, method of issue and conversion, amount already converted and special conditions. Article 26 Retained clams or shortage meaning the equity resulting from business operations the account categories are as follows 1.Legal Reserve defined as the reserve appropriated from moolah accord ing to Company Law or other related regulations. 2. Special Reserve defined as the reserve appropriated from earnings according to regulations or the resolution of earnings distribution for the purpose of curtail the distribution of earnings as dividends or bonus. 3. Retained Earnings-Unappropriated or collect Deficit defined as the earnings that have not been appropriated or the deficit has not been offset.The appropriation of retained earnings or the offsetting of deficit shall only be recorded in the book with the consent of the business owner or a mutual resolution among the stockholders. Proposals for the appropriation of earnings or the offsetting of deficit shall be specified in the notes to the current period financial statements. Article 28 The categories of items in the income statement are as follows 1. Operating revenue enhancement. 2. Operating Costs. 3. Operating Expenses. 4.Non-operating Revenues and Expenses, Other Income (Expense). 5. Income Tax 6. Gains and Lo sses of continue operating department. 7. Gains and Losses of discontinuing department 8. Extraordinary Gains and Losses. 9. Cumulative effect of changes in accounting principles 10. Current period net income (or net losses) Article 29 Operating revenue refers to the revenue make in the normal operation of selling goods or services provided in the current period the account categories, valuation and required notes are as follows 1.Sales Revenue defined as the revenue earned from selling goods. Sales returns and allowances shall be presented as a contra account of sales revenues. 2. Service Revenue defined as the revenue earned from providing services. 3. Agency Revenue defined as the revenue earned from compensation for an intermediary, agency or commissioned work. 4. Other Operating Revenue defined as other revenue that does not belong to the previous three categories. Article 30 Operating costs refers to the costs that are borne for selling goods or providing services in the c urrent period the account categories, valuation and required notes are as follows 1. Cost of Goods Sold defined as the original cost of goods sold or the manufacturing costs of products sold. Purchases returns and allowances shall be presented as a contra account of purchases costs. 2. Services Costs defined as the costs that are borne from providing services. 3.Agency Costs defined as the costs that are borne from an intermediary, agency or commissioned work. 4. Other Operating Costs defined as the costs that are borne from other operating revenues. Article 31 Operating Expenses refers to the expenses that are borne from selling goods or providing services in the current period operating costs and expenses that cannot be separately presented may be merged into operating expenses. either non-operating or expense indicating bonzer losses. Article 33 The income or losses from continuing operations refer to both operating and non-operating revenue. Net operating expenses and non-o perating expenses, of which shall be presented separately according to the pre-tax amount, including income tax expenses or benefits, and post-tax amount. Article 34 The gains or losses from discontinue operations refers the income gained or monies lost due to business operations, along with disposition gains or losses and the gains and losses measured by the net fair value.For discontinued operations completing the disposition within the current year, records shall be made using the net after-tax amount indicating a gain or loss in disposable income for discontinued operations that do not complete disposition within the current year, the net asset thereof must be valued using the face value or net fair value which ever is lower if the net fair value is lower than the face value, net fair value shall be recorded to indicate such a loss so as to off-set the face value of the net asset from the discontinued operations if the net fair value recovers, recovered gains can be recognized within the compass of losses originally measured by net fair value. The gain or loss from discontinued operations shall be presented as net income, following the item of the post-tax income or loss from continuing operations. Article 35 Extraordinary gains and losses refer to any unusual or peculiar occurrence which shall be presented net form, , following the item of the gain and loss from discontinued operations. Article 36 The cumulative effect of changes in accounting principles shall be presented as a net change, following the item of the extraordinary gain and loss. 3. Retained earnings or deficit should include the following content (1) The beginning balance. (2) The prior period net income or loss adjustment. (3) The current period net income or loss. (4) The appropriation of legal reserves and special reserves, distribution of dividends, etc. (5) The ending balance. 4.The beginning balance, the changes of the items and the amount during the current period, and the end ing balance of the unrealized loss on market value decline of financial products. 5. The beginning balance, the changes of the items and the amount during the current period, and the ending balance of the unrealized revaluation increments. 6. The beginning balance, the changes of the items and the amount during the current period, and the ending balance of the cumulative translation adjustment. 7. The beginning balance, the changes of the items and the amount during the current period, and the ending balance of the treasury stock.The respective income tax expense or benefit shall reflect the itemsArticle 39 The statement of cash flows must present a sum-up of information specifying all cash receipts and expenditures incurred by the business entity during a specific period preparation and presentation of the statement of cash flows shall follow the Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 17. Article 40 The following subsequent events that occur after the balance sheet dat e but before the issuance of financial statements shall be specified in the notes to the financial statements 1. Changes in capital structure. 2. evidentiary long- or short-term borrowings. 3. Additions, expansion, construction, leasing, abandonment, idleness, sale, collateralization, transfer or long-term renting of major assets. 4. Significant changes in productive capacity. 5.Significant changes in production and sales policies. 6. Major investments in other businesses. 7. Losses on catastrophic disasters. 8. The proceeding or settlement of important lawsuits. 9. The signing, fulfillment, cancellation or body waste of important contracts. 10. Important organizational adjustments and significant reforms in management systems. 11. Significant effects resulting from changes in government regulations. 12. All other important events and measures that will affect the financial position, results of operations and cash flows in the future. Direct materials used Beginning raw materia ls inventory $ 6,200 Add Cost of raw materials purchased 49,400 ingrained raw materials available 55,600 Less Ending raw materials inventory (5,800) append raw materials used $ 49,800 Direct labor 125,600 Manufacturing overhead corroboratory materials 4,100 Indirect labor 43,700 Depreciationfactory building 9,500 Depreciationfactory equipment 5,400 insurance policyfactory 12,000 Property taxesfactory 4,500 Total manufacturing overhead 79,200 Total manufacturing costs 254,600 Add Beginning work-in-process inventory 10,20 264,800 Less Ending work-in-process inventory (9,800) Cost of goods manufactured $255,000

Video Vault Case

Introduction The Video Vault was dominant is the localization principle of major route connecting Westborough to the neighbour communities of Hopkinton and Upton with floor space at 750 second power feet, the owners were innovative in displaying their roughly 10,000 units (or 8,000 titles) of inventory, 700 of which were in the DVD format. Peaslee and St. Angelo had 6,000 registered customers, with about half(prenominal) that number being active renters.In order to rent scenes at the store, customers provided a credit card number or a $35 deposit, protecting the business against unreturned harvest-tide or unpaid belated fees. smart routs, adult videos, and video games rented for $4 per day, catalogue titles rented for $3 per day. The average late fee was $2. 75. Total late fees in 2001 were $6,133. Supply chain performances In revenue sharing contract, the store shares the revenue from the customer with the studio by which it gets its inventory.The widespread use of revenue sharing fundamentally changed the economics of the industry. chthonian this, distributors sold the tape to the retailer at a much deject price- from $3 to $8 per tape- in return for a percentage of the rental revenue and a percentage of eventual used-tape sales to consumer. But as the same time there were some disadvantages that were came with revenue sharing contract. warehousing had to share data with the studio and also had to keep maximum and stripped-down inventory of inventory as per the contract which diluted the controllability of store owners.Since they undefended their store, Peaslee and St. Angelo had seen the regular distribution channels and pricing change dramatically. In the past, the partners bought roughly 150 to 200 titles per year, one-third from established distributors that bought straightaway from studios, and the rest from crabwise sellinga practice of buying product from other video stores, retailers, or individual traders.The top tier A titles were roughly $70 from distributors and were shipped to stores prior to the video rental release date. Buying product from other avenues resulted in lower prices, but it could take weeks or months after the release date to obtain copies. During 2000 and 2001, however, the Video Vault bought 90% of its product directly from studios, with a few distributors acting as fulfillment centers, shipping product from studios without owning it

Media Example

Music and Lyrics is a film featuring Drew Barrymore and Hugh Grant (Music and Lyrics, 2007). Hugh Grant plays the role of Alex Fletcher, who was a noted pop star in the 1980s and Drew Barrymore plays Sophie Fisher, a bilk literary writer.In the movie, Fletcher was constrained to use the medium of a tune in order to communicate his apologies for saying awful things to Fisher (Music and Lyrics, 2007). In so doing, Fletcher demonstrated his knowledge of interpersonal skills in winning over Fisher.Communication skills refer to a persons ability to in effect articulate a precise message through written, verbal, or pictural means (Floren, 1998). These skills include the ability to present an idea clearly, resolve conflicts skillfully, and engage technologies as means to put a message through (Floren, 1998).In the scene in the movie Music and Lyrics where Flectcher sang a costly song of apology to Fisher, the former was able to exhibit all the abovementioned conference skills. He h ad a specific message in mind he meant to apologize to Fisher for saying awful things. He also intend to, and succeeded in, expressing his true feelings for Fisher (Music and Lyrics, 2007).Fletcher was successful in presenting his idea clearly (Floren, 1998). He used carefully chosen lyrics that could put his message through, even exploitation rhyme and music for artistry. In such a short design consisting of less than five minutes, Fletcher was able to mention Fishers specific endearing habits. He was also able to sing about the modal value that Fisher was able to make him feel better.Finally, Fletchers song served a major purpose of communication, which is conflict resolution (Floren, 1998). The song was so downright that there could have been no other ending for the story moreover to have Fisher accept Fletchers apology.ReferencesMusic and Lyrics. (2007). Warner Brothers. Retrieved February 22, 2007Floren, G. L. (1998). Marketable Skills and Attitudes. Retrieved February 23, 2007

Final global business plan Essay

The ASEAN was founded in 1967 to promote the each(prenominal)iances of the countries in sou-east Asia. The current members of the ASEAN be the Brunei, Cambodia, Ind cardinalsia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Ind one and only(a)sia, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam (ASEAN, 2010) corpo reliable EnvironmentThe physical surround of Southeast Asia is primarily a warm climate other than the risque elevation atomic number 18as (Andaya, 2009). The physical environment also differs from the ocean and jungle geographical argonas. A elemental name deep down the physical environment is the availability of safe drinking body of water in much aras of Southeast Asia and the air quality. policy- reservation StabilityThe political stability in spite of appearance Southwest Asia is very questionable in many another(prenominal) aras of the atomic number 18na referable to the terrorist activities however with the support of the U.S. and other countries the threat is minify tho not elimin ated. A scoring system was employ to treasure the region based on data that was provided by AMB unsophisticated run a guess Reports. The rating system is virtuoso Very scurvy Risk, devil Low Risk, threesome Moderate Risk, 4 postgraduate Risk, and quintuple -Very High Risk. The nation leads the region with be take a chance score of one is Singapore followed by Indonesia two, Malaysia and Thailand three, Philippines and Viet Nam 4. The Philippines and Viet Nam necessitate signifi erectt political risks that exact to be taken into retainer (A.M. Best, 2010).Economic ConditionsThe economical risks at bottom major(ip) countries of Southeast Asia ar curtail at best. In the recent economic downward trend Southeast Asia is seeing theeffects the slowing economic trend with their major vocation start outners the linked States and Europe. The demands for exports be decreasing and forecasts for 2009-2010 expect this trend to continue (A.M. Best, 2010). A scoring syst em was utilize to evaluate the region based on data that was provided by AMB state Risk Reports the rating system is One Very Low Risk, two Low Risk, three Moderate Risk, four High Risk, and five -Very High Risk. The province leads the region with are risk score of one is Singapore, followed by Indonesia two, Malaysia and Thailand three, Philippines and Viet Nam four. The Philippines and Viet Nam tolerate signifi freightert economic risks that need to be taken into consideration (A.M. Best, 2010). fiscal Options and RisksThe monetary system within the Southeast Asia region indicates a moderate to high risk on medium other than the kingdom of Singapore. As the spheric economy tightens trust requirements, this can consider a significant impact on the pecuniary stability in the region (Country Risk, 2010). A scoring system was used to evaluate the region based on data that was provided by AMB Country Risk Reports. The rating system is One Very Low Risk, two Low Risk, three Moderate Risk, four High Risk, and five -Very High Risk. The country leads the region with are risk score of one is Singapore, followed by, Malaysia and Thailand three, Philippines and Indonesia four, and Viet Nam- five. The Philippines, Indonesia, and Viet Nam get to significant financial risks that need to be taken into consideration (A.M. Best, 2010). Political stability in that location is a constant threat of terrorism check to the U.S. Department of State diplomacy in action website http//www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2794.htm, alone the political stability is stable be accept of the continued efforts of the U.S. and other external entities such as the International Monitoring team. Economic conditionsThe economic conditions are stable the Philippine goernment has been call on over the past few days to reduce its deficits down to 0.2% of the GDP (Gross Domestic Product) and is continuously working to balance its budget. Finance options availableAccording to an artic le Philippines Types of Business Organizations that overseas Investors whitethorn Establish in the Philippines thither are several financial options available that are These intromit the lay outment by a alien corporation of a (i) local subsidiary by means of a interior(prenominal) corporation, (ii) a branch office, (iii) a representative office, (iv) a regional or area head lodges, or (v) a regional operating headquarters. Entry into the Philippines can also be achieved done with(predicate) word ventures with other domesticated corporations (Manalastas, and Guinto, 2000).Physical environment and its affect on tradeThe locality of the Philippines creates some environmental issues that demand to be taken into consideration at that place are three main issues the comening(a) two are seasonal the typhoon season from June by means of November, the monsoon rain season from July through December. The deuce-ace issue that is unpredictable is the volcanic eruptions that can happen at any clock (The Philippines, 2010). Social, health, and environmental conditionsThe volume of the Philippine mountain do live in poverty and the deathrate rate for babies is high however the health care is improving the Philippines have been recognized for eliminating Polio (The Philippines, 2010). Although there is a contaminant problem, the government of the Philippines is stepping in to help reduce pollution by enacting and enforcing laws that actu every(prenominal)y is helping refreshing up their environment. Cultural considerationsWhen doing argumentation in the Philippines there is a brace of cultural consideration to keep in mind such as it is unacceptable behavior to correct a person in public, to draw a person to lose face by ref development or tell no to a person, and do not accept an invitation to a family repast when first asked, if the invitation is asked a second meter then it is all fairishifiedly to accept (The Philippines, 2010). Organizational Description apple Computer, Inc. is headquartered in Cupertino, California. The gild is a worldwide producer, designs, commercialises, manufactures calculators, digital medical specialty and video players.Founded on April 1, 1976 by Steve Wozniak, Steve Jobs, and Ron Wayne, orchard apple tree sells to all consumers small, mid-sized, and astronomic cablees. The participation sells its harvest-times through sell shop classs, on line of merchandise stack aship canal, and also third party wholesalers. The change magnitude in awareness of value of the internet, and convenience it gives to its users give soon bring more to the table for the Philippines. Since the internet has been a capacious expansion for many markets many argumentationes have found use to this to fatten their communion channel overseas. Since 2000 to 2009 the internet usage has gone up from 2,000,000 (2.6%) to 24,000,000 (24.5%) in the Philippines. apples line of digital music players has taken adva ntage by providing iPod users to download digital music files to their iPods.orchard apple tree Inc., sales a line of iPod digital music and video players to both the Windows and Mac users that also provides online ser iniquity that can, as described in this article Reuters profile apple INC. (AAPL.O) which states careen third-party music, audio books, music videos, television shows, movies, podcasts, and applications (Reuters, 2010), through the iTunes retentivity. ITunes is a digital music application for downloading and playing digital audio and video files. Since Philippines have rough 24,000,000 internet users as of June 2009 which is about 24.5% of the population in the Philippines there is permit growth for this market to grow. With new information about Netflix possibly write an arranging with orchard apple tree Inc. sales can possibly increase since there forget be more possibilities for iPod users to download through Netflix servers.Risk synopsis Week 3The purpo se of this document is to analyze the risks that are baffling in establishing a global credit line surgical operation in a foreign country of the Philippines. The document give full stop the risks of introducing apple interconnected and the iPod to the Philippines. The risks that pull up stakes be covered include political risks, legal risks, reciprocation rate financial risks, and taxation risks. The document go awaying also detail a signifier of attachmental risks, specific market strategies and performance measuring rod that pass on impact the overall success of apple combine within the country of the Philippines. Political/Legal/Regulatory risksThe Philippines is a bureaucratic country. It has a complex network of regulations, per deputations, functionings, and reasonities with approval procedures. Many of these restrictions are designed to bar off newcomers entering the countrys real industries. This testament not be the case for orchard apple tree Inc. T he political, legal, and regulatory risks of yielding an orchard apple tree gillyf disappoint in the Philippines vary. orchard apple trees plan is to acquire an personifying retail store and moving under the apple brand. Even though the political risk is high orchard apple tree Inc. is in no fashion threatening to the political climate in the Philippines.The Philippines has been working in underdeveloped relationships with neighboring countries, build close ties with neighboring countries in Southeast Asia through the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) (A.M. Best Company, Inc, 2009).Legally, the risk associated with opening the store could be great, and the alliance must collect sure it is in form with rules and regulations regarding the opening and operation of the store. The most immediate regulatory risk to handicraft is because of mandated price agreements used by the government to combat inflation. orchard apple tree Inc. sees Philippines as a country poi sed for a great economic turn- some in the cyberspace and electronics market. Indicators such as World Stats forecast that the country is on a steady uphill swing. Ex transplant/ Repatriation of Funds RisksExchange judge and repatriation of funds necessitate to be considered with orchard apple tree opening a store in the Philippines. Philippines are very open to foreign layors as a way to grow the local economy. However on January 2007, in an on-going effort to promote two primeval goals, the Philippine government has issued the s razeth Regular conflicting investing Negative List (Baleva, 2007), protecting domestic industries and encouraging foreign investors to participate in certain areas of enterprise. Pricing depart also be a factor if the participation bases there determine by US standards. Exchange rate on US dollars to Pesos needs to factor in. Competitive Risk AssessmentApples primal competitors are already doing duty in the Philippines and creating a strong a nd moneymaking presence. Competitors such as Sony, Samsung, and Sansa have been doing business in the Philippines for many stratums. Apples repoint entrance into the market exit give consumers moreoptions and encourage more competition within the market. receipts/Double Taxation RisksThe agreement of copy taxation outlines what taxes are covered, defines who the parties are and the context of the agreement and itemizes what is covered under the agreement. Underlining the rules under which a business arrive ats are taxed and when double taxation comes into action. The double taxation agreement defines the establishment of ageless residence, which Apple Inc. would seek to have by opening a store in the country on a permanent basis. HM receipts & customs defines permanent establishment as, a fixed place of business in which the business of the enterprise is wholly or partly carried on (HM Revenue & Customs, n.d.). Based on the information contained in the agreement it is math ematical that Apple allow be possibly doubled taxed. Market risks (four Ps price, place, advancement, and produce)One of the risks that every business needs to address when selling their harvest in a foreign country is pricing the intersection to high that only a small portion of customers can afford to subvert the product. According to the article capital of the Philippiness living greets, wages among the last it states To illustrate, workers in Zurich are paid $22.60 per hour ($30.30 gross), while workers in geneva are paid $20.40 per hour ($29.20 gross)a far cry from what average workers in Manila are paid $1.40 per hour ($1.60 gross) (Victoria, 2009).One of the ways to address this issue is to buy in large quantity, so that cost can be driven down. oc presently the Philippines is experiencing a power crisis, which is a risk within itself in the article Philippines power at crisis bear witness of the Asian Times it states Recent electricity outages in the Philippines h as sparked concern that the country is on its way to its second power crisis in 20 old age (Rubrico, 2010). If there is no electricity, it imparting be hard to sell iPods to customers specially in the dark. Our come with can purchase generators that can be used during the power outages.The Ipods are very popular and expensive in the Philippines, which has created a market of iPod thieves. According to Davao Today article iPod Thieves on the Rise in RP that states iPods whitethorn now be joining wallets and mobile phones as mesmeric grades for thieves and pickpockets (No fountain mentioned, 2010). Train both employees and customers how to avoid being a victim, this depart show the customers we just dont think of them as a sale but as a person. Marketing look hailThe merchandising enquiry approach for the Apple stock is a five step process that includes defining assertable problems, create a look plan, collecting relevant information by specifying data, developing deci sions, and taking marketing actions based on the analysis of data findings (Marketing Research, 2006). The research stone pits result be to determine if there is a demand for the products offered by the Apple repositing. The research plan pull up stakes consist of surveying a minimum of 1,000 to 2,000 consumers in the nates region of the Philippines.Contact information will be self-possessed to later obtain positive or negative feedback on the products that are offered by the Apple neckcloth. An online survey will also be conducted through the Apple Store via the internet. This will assist in later developing marketing strategies applicable to the products offer by the Apple Store that are in demand in the target region. Some types of questions that will be asked during the Apple Store survey are as follows 1) What is your age? 2) What is your sexual practice? 3) Would you purchase the products offered by the Apple Store? 4) What did you like about the product? 5) What did you dislike about the product? 6.) Was the product easy to use? 7.) What would you change about the product, if anything? 8.) Will you continue to use the product? 9.) Would you recommend the product to a friend? 10.) What would you consider a fair price for the product? Apple Store Marketing MixThe marketing mix of product, price, place, and advancement is a crucial part of the introduction of the products being offered at the proposed Apple Store. A strong strategic marketing plan developed by the marketing team will assist the Apple Store in acquire of to a positive get. The products offered by the Apple Store will include all items that a consumer can purchase through the on-line(a) Apple Store web address http//store.apple.com/ph. The products include the wide variety of iPod products, iPhones, and Mac products.The physical location of the Apple Store needs to be in a high traffic public area that will attract many customers. The pricing strategy of the products offered at the Apple Store in the Philippines will targeted to under cut the competition in the region during the first 6 months of operation while still maintaining reasonable avail circumferences on the Apple Store products. This strategy will help in signly establishing the presence of the Apple Store in the target region. Apple Store executives will consistently monitor the progress of the Apple Store in the Philippines during the first 6 months of operations and recommend solutions to any capability risks that come up during this time period.After the first 6 months of operation in the region the product pricing strategy will be revisited. The location of the Apple Store will be critical to the overall financial success of the business. The attributes that are desirable for the physical location of the Apple Store include a highly visible location with dangerous consumer traffic. An additional attribute is needs to be considered is the location of the store will be easily accessible for ease of the dispersal channels to profit full catalogue needs with minimal risk. In selecting a location with these attributes the Apple Store will have a higher probability of collision or exceeding business goals and objectives.The strategic marketing plan will identify specific dates that will provide the best dates for a promotional sale portentous opening of the Apple Store in the Philippines. To start the promotional period the marketing team will start announce the grand opening of the Apple store several weeks prior to the grand opening. Apple Store products will be advertised by use magazine ads, internet and television spots, and any other means of promotion detailed as a strong promotional tactic in the region. The marketing team will need to pay close solicitude to see how quickly the product inventory will live on from the shelves during the first few weeks of operation if the Apple Store is approved for accomplishation in the Philippines. The marketing strategy also needs to verify that there is fitted demand for the Apple Store products. Distribution and supply range of mountains risks there are a few items that make distribution and supply spoiled in the Philippines, as stated in the Spend Matters article Apples Risky iPod Supply Chain What types of risk? Well, try an participating volcano located less than 20 miles away, proximity within an quake zone (which makes San Franciscos seismic activity look tame), and the very real threat of tropic storms and typhoons. And thats not even considering that the area around the plants is subject to regular flooding from storm water, blocking ingress of people and egress of technicals the factories even sends people home early when a sober storm is forecast, because of the risk that the roads will be impassable. (Busch, J. 2006) No one can pr take Mother Nature from happening, but we can be prepared by staying updated on the weather reports and staying alert to natures surroundings . By staying prepared and knowing what to do in the event of a natural disaster, will prevent personal injuries to employees and customers as easily as minimizing damages to our product. Distribution Channel ManagementThe marketing team will perform extensive research before the introduction of the Apple Store begins business operations in the Philippines. Determining a reliable distribution channel in a global business operation is an grievous formula for success. The main distribution channel will start in the United States and products will be distributed to the Philippines based on inventory needs transmitted through an electronic data base.The distribution of the Apple Store products from shipping destination within the Philippines to the Apple store location is an addition characteristic that needs to be considered because of the threat of theft that exists within the target country. Once the store headquarters has been complete then logistics such as shipping, receiving, a nd storage in smaller warehouses will be considered based on distribution risk factors have been evaluated. One prime objective of the Apple Store in the Philippines is to meet or exceed our customers needs. Physical and environmental challenges to entering and operating in a target market There are several physical and environmental challenges when operating a business in the Philippines, some of the physical challenges include political unrest, corruption, terrorism, and extortion these are just a few that needs to be address.The environmental challenges include pollution (water and air), natural disasters (volcano eruptions and flooding), unemployment according to Index munbdi Philippines unemployment rate that shows for 2010 to be an estimated 7.5% (No author mentioned, 2010). Staying certain is call to handling these types of risks, some things can be handled by local authorities and others will have to be dealt with the best way possible depending on the government agency. Social and cultural risksIn the social and cultural circle, the risk of misunderstanding in many categories is very easily done such as those listed in the article Centre for intercultural acquire Cultural breeding Philippines that are Conversation, Communications Styles, Display of Emotions, Dress, Punctuality, Formality, and Decision Making (No author mentioned, 2009). non knowing how to address individually of these items can lead to offending the Philippine people, which will cause problems in doing business in the federation. Common smack and proper communications will just about handle separately of these risk, also by participating in community events and helping the community during a time of crisis will promote unity between the order and the local people. Cyber or TechnologyStealing engineering science and cyber attacks are a big risks, the government of the Philippines still needs to catch up the laws concerning nows engineering. In the article, Experts Call f or wet Laws against Cyber Crime in Philippines states that The gage researchers states that these kinds of e-mail attacks occur more commonly across the Philippines since there arent any cyber crime laws in the country to catch and prosecute moolah criminals, particularly e-mail fraudsters (No author mentioned, 2010). Common sense applies to these risks as well, making sure that our computer systems maintain the most recent updates on guarantor programs and training the employees to never give out passwords and shut down the computer every night before going home are just some suggestions that will prevent problems down the road. Define and clarify mission and objectivesThe Mission Statement of Apple integrate will sojourn the said(prenominal) as researches through multiple sources according to Investor Relation of Apple (located on the FAQ page) it states that Apple ignited the personal computer renewing in the mid-seventies with the Apple II and reinvented the personal co mputer in the 1980s with the Macintosh. Today, Apple continues to lead the industry in innovation with its award-winning computers, OS X operating system and iLife and professional applications. Apple is also spearheading the digital media revolution with its iPod portable music and video players and iTunes online store, and has entered the mobile phone market this year with its revolutionary iPhone (Apple-History, 20106). Philippines profit use has grown remarkably throughout the years. earnings World Stats estimated as of March 2009, there are 20.6 million Internet users coming to about 21.5% of the entire population in the Philippines. Apple Inc. has selected the Philippines to begin expansion providing stores and Internet downloading over the web for users to download digital audio, video, and podcast files.The primary business objective is to establish a 15% profit margin in the first year of operation within the Philippines. In each subsequent year after the first a 5% increa se to the profit margin has been established as a goal until the profit margin reaches a 30%. Additional objectives include obtaining a 10% market share of the products offered by Apple co-ordinated and a 4% increase per year over the next 3 years. Customer felicity has also been established at a target percentage of 97%. SWOTT AnalysisSWOTT analysis is a useful tool to determine the strengths, weaknesses. Opportunities and threats that exist within a global business entity or region are being evaluated for risk factors. The team has developed a SWOTT analysis for the target region to identify these factors prior to engaging in any business operation within the Philippines. This will assist the team in identifying key characteristics in the structure and development of Apple Incorporated within the Philippines. Current Competitors Competitive LandscapeThe rivalrous landscape for Apple Store are the following companies that have a strong hold on a large portion of the population t hat Apple Store will have to compete with in the global market place. These companies manufacture similar technology devices that Apple Store is competing for to increase global market share. Their products are cognise throughout the global technology market where competition is extremely militant.Competitors of the Apple Store include Dell Incorporated, Hewlett Packard, and Gateway. The engineering development of new ameliorate technology willassist the Apple Store in gaining competitive advantage over the competitors. Customer satisfaction is a primary objective at the Apple Store. A recent survey conducted in 2008 by the University of Michigan named the American Customer Satisfaction Index ACSI indicated that Apple had a ten point advantage over its closest competitor (Computerworld, 2010). The Apple Store that is being considered in the Philippines will have the resembling target goal in reference to customer satisfaction in the target region. Strategy SelectionThe strategy s election of Apple Incorporated is to establish a base store that strategically reports back sales results and inventory needs to a home base location within the United States electronically. The strategy of the familiarity will be to promote the iPod through turn away price cost structures than existing competitors. The company will also plunge a marketing campaign to promote this strategy through established marketing structures that exist within the Philippenes. This will assist Apple Incorporated in notifying consumers of company existence in the region while promoting our lower priced product.The mode of entry to develop Apple Incorporated to enter the Phillipenes will be the broadcast enthronisation mode. Apple Incorporated will be establishing a location within the country and then based on all business results will determine if additional locations within the country are needed to meet customer demand. Advantages of this mode of entry include high sales capableness, low political risk, and the company could be viwed as an insider (Quick MBA, 2010). Because of some of the high risk elements that exist within the Philippenes Apple Incorporated will need to be cautious by limiting the criterion capital that the company will spend in the direct investment mode.Control and EvaluationSpecific measures will be monitored on a weekly basis to track the progress and continous improvement opportunities that exist to preparation up operations within the Phillipenes. The key characteristics that impact overall business results will be evaltated to establish a proactive approachto issues that will have an impact these results. The key characteristics will include sales, inventory, taxes, and process limitations. This will assist Apple Incorporated in providing a quick antiphonal action to any underlying problems that need to be resolved. Sales goals and profit margins will also be evaluated to determine the overall success within the Phillipenes. Contigency PlanApple Incorporated will need a contigency plan to account for risk factors that have some probability of resulting in business profitability not reaching overall expectations. The contigency plan that Apple Incorporated has in place consists of closing the existing store if business objectives are not achieved with leaving options open for changing the mode of entry into the Phillipenes to exportation the product through established distribution channels. This contigency plan still allows the company to establish sales within the Phillipenes while reducing investment risk. Financial OverviewApple has the possibility for a strong financial investment in the expansion into the Philippines. The risks associated with the investment into the Philippines do not outweigh the benefits that can realistically be achieved. After thoroughly researching the Pilipino market, the Ayala Group, one of the largest firms in the Philippines is supposedly knotted in a project to put up an official Apple store in the Philippines (Technograph, 2009). This is beneficial because less money will have to be invested in research and development, as well as marketing and advertising since the constitution is already known throughout the Philippines. The economy in the Philippines has not shown extreme changes or any sudden implications that the economy is getting stronger.The Philippine GDP for the year 2009 has barely risen 1% but has, weathered the 2008-09 global recessions better than its regional peers due to minimal impression to securities issued by troubled global financial institutions (index mundi, 2008). Operating ExpensesAs intercommunicate for expenses for one apple store, the budget chart shows total operating expenses at $5, 482 and operating income at $11,740 andother income and expenses at $326. There are many providers that impact operating expenses such as utilities, taxes, and advertisement. Apple has projected a total operating expense at $5,482 for one apple s tore. When put together a budget chart, it is of the essence(p) to take into account all factors to properly manage a business. It is important to trust that focused investments in Research and Development (R&D) are significant to a companys prospective competitive and expansion position in a foreign market and are directed towards the development of new and improved products that are central to the companys core business strategy.As such, Apple expects to make further investments in R&D to throw a fit and remain competitive in the Filipino market. Other factors of influence that can help expand Apple into the foreign market, is the companys persistent expansion of its retail division in both international and domestic markets, top stock-based fork over expenses and higher spending on marketing and advertising (Apple Investor 2010). The chart to a lower place shows the estimated monthly general budget of the operation of one store in the Philippines, providing that the decis ion is made to stay on with the plans to set up and begin operations. This is a rough estimate, because of the many factors that may and will fluctuate both in a positive or negative way can cause a change on the expense side, however the further we proceed the more accurate our budget will become. Financial Overview General cipherForeign Exchange RiskStudies have found that many Asian-Pacific businesses are exposed to one or more of the worlds major currencies the Euro, the US dollar, the British pound, and the Japanese Yen. Some of the greatest dangers were produce by fluctuations in the US dollar. This impacted 58 percent in the Philippines, coin fluctuations affected the profitability of companies whose financial assets and liabilities (most notably debt) were held in foreign currencies (Vanderbilt, 2007). When choosing to invest in the Philippines, the foreign mass meeting risks associated with business ventures are significant because of an Asian financial crisis during ( 1996-1998), more than half of the studied companies in Indonesia, Korea, Malaysia and the Philippines, and about a third of those in Japan and Singapore, were exposed to the dollar, and about a quarter of the firms in Singapore were exposed to the yen (Vanderbilt, 2007). Risk Management execution risk refers to the fact that the cash flow value of foreign notes contracts may change due to exchange rate fluctuations. Additionally, since the organization will be buying and selling goods in foreign currency to a certain extent, the foreign exchange risk increases. The potential negative aspects associated with doing business in the Philippines are significant since the business will be using Filipino Pesos, which has an inflation rate of 4.4 percent. As a result, there is a risk that the exchange rate as with any currency may change unfavorably before the currency is actually exchanged. However, these risks can be counteracted by utilizing forward hedging, which is a way to lock in an exchange rate on an agreed early date.This will allow the organization to be completely aware of future cash inflows and outflows, as well as the value of the organizations pelf in US currency since the exchange rate will not change due to the purchase of forward hedging. Financing Given the current international economic instability, the choice of choosing from domestic or international financing is tough because there are significant risks associated with each. The European Investment Bank (EIB) has offered financing opportunities to the Philippines currently the EIB has one billion euro allocations in 18 Asian countries including the Philippines. If the company chooses to move forward with the international venture, the company would choose to finance through the EIB. The EIB, has provided over 600 million euros in funding for multiple projects in the country coursed through the government and private sector (European Chamber of Commerce of the Philippines, 2009). Centralized versus decentralisedThe foster company and its iPod department within the parent company, both whole kit and boodle as a centralized organization because having an effective control is demand to the everyday operations for both the domestic and global sectors. It would be essential for the parent company to make the final decisions regarding all aspects of the companys operation, because every unit and sub-unit such as manufacturing plant located in Mexico and the shipping department located in the U.S. of the company has to report all information of their daily operations to the parent company allowing the parent company to know what the left and right hand is doing fundamentally at the same time and can make an informative decision for whatever situation may arise.Both the domestic and global units and sub-units operate as a decentralize company, because certain situations such as environmental changes, customer needs, or political unrest will cause problems and disrupt a part o f the company operations or even all parts of the company operations these problems to be addressed immediately and cannot wait for the parent company on the other side of the world to make an informed decision, even if the problem had happened before at a different location because what may work domestically may not work globally and vice versa.When making an informed decision whether at the unit, sub-unit, or the parent company level there is a need for a communication chain of look out on, starting with the employee who is out in the field working upwards to the parent company which may be the CEO (chief executive officer) who usually has the authority to make final decisions that will affect the company or the owner if there is no CEO available. The line of communications should always remain open, in the event of a minor glitch or a major emergency. Regardless of the value of the information, if the line is broken then a decision cannot be made in a timely modality or may no t be made at all causing a problem to grow bigger or wanting(p) a profitable opportunity.The communication chart below shows the chain of command from the field representative to the parent company, not all information will reach the top because some decisions can be made at lower levels, for example the parent company should not be bothered with whether a field representative needs office supplies.Exit StrategiesThe future is unknown, even if there is a planned exit strategy years from now does not guarantee it will happen as planned. Depending on the situation that is either planned, forced or requires our business in the Philippines to implement its exit strategy would determine the best strategy to use. In the event of a political uprising or civil unrest that results in raising the level of possible war, then the shutting down procedure would be best since it involve very little (if any) composing work and is the fastest way for U.S. employees and their families to get out o f the country. If there is no time at all complete abandonment might be forced, either course of action will involve a monetary loss. If time allows and there is no rush in exiting the Philippines, handing the business over to our joint venture partner would be the best, this exit does involve legal paper work and would minimize loss (if any), it would also leave the path open for possible future ventures back into the country based on a friendly and healthy transfer of the business. RecommendationThe Philippine iPod risk analysis team recommends proceeding with entering the Philippines market. After the exhausting task of finding the risks of entering the country, we had found that the benefits (profits) do exceed the risks (costs) even during the economic troubles that the U.S. is currently experiencing. Although we are not the first iPod and iPhone Company to enter the Philippines market, we still can become a major player and take a large percentage of the market. With the Apple Company creating a direct store that basically eliminates the middle man and develops a presence in the area that shows the potential customer that they will get the original iPhone without the worry of receiving a put-on and less dependable copycat, which is a major problem in this region.Having direct shipping, of iPhones and iPods from the parent company will help with the recovery costs and to make a profit quicker. The company will gain additional profits once the store becomes fully operational and service contracts are purchased by new customers. Finally with the current economic stability of the Philippines, this is a good time for Apple to enter into this market because like our domestic customers wonder to have the latest technology, the Filipinos consumers also love to have the latest technology too. Because no other local company can offer the bail or the guarantee of authenticity of the iPhone products, this gives our company a very droll position in the Philippine market.The company will be experiencing and dealings with many issues brought up by our customer base, because of the one on one contact with the customers this will help our operation on a global level allowing our technical department to learn from these new problems and coming up with new solutions this will make our product better and easier to sale globally. closureIn analyzing the risks invoved with Apple Incorporated conducting business within the Philippines the company will be in a better position to achieve the financial success. The process of risk assessment provides a clearer picture of the obstacles that need to be overcome within the Philipines. Strategic marketing plans can assist the company in establishing positive sales results in the target country. Electronic communication to proactively respond to business needs and issues will lead to satisfied customers. The initial mode of entry and an alternate mode of entry detailed in the contingency plan also indicate the companys preparation. Establishing key business characteristcs to monitor on a regular basis will identify continous improvement opportunities for the company in conjuction with items identified in the SWOTT analysis. The combining of these critical factors will guide Apple Incorporated to make a more informative decision based on all the literal information collected.ReferencesAndaya, Barbara, 2009. Introduction to Southeast Asia. Retrieved April 4, 2010 from http//www.asiasociety.org/countries-history/traditions/introduction-southeast-asia A.M. Best Company. Ratings and Analysis Center Country Risk, Retrieved April 4, 2010 from http//www3.ambest.com/ratings/cr/crisk.aspxASEAN, 2009. ASEAN Member States. Retrieved April 4, 2010 from http//www.aseansec.org/18619.htmManalastas, J. M. and Guinto, B. L. 2000, Philippines Types of Business Organizations that Foreign Investors may Establish in the Philippines.Retrieved April 3, 2010, from website http//www.mondaq.com/article.asp?ar ticleid=9340&login=true&nogo=1 No actor Mentioned, 2009, TDS Philippines Asia, Economy. Retrieved April 3, 2010, from website http//www.traveldocs.com/ph/economy.htmNo Author Mentioned, 2010, The Philippines. Retrieved April 3, 2010, from website http//www.everyculture.com/No-Sa/The-Philippines.html Internet World Stats. (2010). Asia Marketing Research, Internet Usage, Population Statistics and Information. Retrieved from http//www.internetworldstats.com/asia.htmph doubting Thomas Reuters. (2010). Apple Inc. (AAPL.O). Retrieved from http//www.reuters.com/finance/stocks/companyProfile?rpc=66&symbol=AAPL.O Internet World Stats. (2009). Internet Usage Stats and Marketing Report. Retrieved from http//www.internetworldstats.com/asia/ph.htmKian, C.C. (2004). Internet market in the Philippines shows full potential for growth. IDC. Retrieved from http//www.idc.com.my/philippines/press/IDC%20Philippines%20-%20Internet.asp A.M. Best Company, Inc. (2009). AMB Country Risk Report. Retrieved fr om http//www3.ambest.com/ratings/cr/reports/Philippines.pdf Baleva, M. (2007). Philippines Issues Foreign Investment List for 2007-2009. ALBLegalNews. Retrieved from http//au.legalbusinessonline.com/law-firms/philippines-issues-foreign-investment-list-for-2007-2009/1076/23599 Busch, J. (2006), Apples Risky iPod Supply Chain. Retrieved April 10, 2010, from http//www.spendmatters.com/index.cfm/2006/11/3/Apples-Risky-iPod-Supply-Chain Hicks, R. (2009).Philippines launches study on internet use. futureGOV. Retrieved from http//www.futuregov.net/articles/2009/jul/27/philippines-launches-study-internet-use/ HM Revenue & Customs. (n.d.). DT15354 DT Philippines double taxation agreement, Article 5 Permanent Establishment. Retrieved from http//www.hmrc.gov.uk/manuals/dtmanual/DT15354.htm Rubrico, J.G.U. (2010), Philippines power at crisis point. Retrieved April 10, 2010, from http//atimes.com/atimes/Southeast_Asia/LD10Ae01.html toby jug C. Monsod, (2009).The Philippine Bureaucracy Incentive structures and implications for performance (4th ed.). Quezon City, Diliman Human Development Network. Victoria, E. (2009), Manilas living costs, wages among the lowest. Retrieved April 8, 2010, from http//www.asianjournal.com/dateline-philippines/headlines/2767-manilas-living- costs- wages-among-the-lowest-.html No author mentioned (2009), Centre for intercultural learning Cultural Information Philippine. Retrieved April 11, 2010, fromhttp//www.intercultures.ca/cil-cai/ci-ic-eng.asp?iso=ph No author mentioned (2010), Experts Call for Stringent Laws against Cyber Crime in Philippines. Retrieved April 11, 2010, from http//www.spamfighter.com/News-13688- Experts-Call-for-Stringent-Laws-Against-Cyber-Crime-in-Philippines.htm No author mentioned (2010), Index Munbdi Philippines unemployment rate. Retrieved April 10, 2010, from http//www.indexmundi.com/philippines/unemployment_rate.html No author mentioned, Foreign Market Entry Modes, Retrieved April 12, 2010 fromhttp//www.quickmba.com /strategy/global/marketentry/No author mentioned (2010) What is Apples Mission Statement. Retrieved April 12, 2010 fromhttp//www.apple-history.com/?page=faq1500Index mundi. (2008). Philippines Economy Profile 2010. Retrieved from http//www.indexmundi.com/philippines/economy_profile.html Technograph. (2009). Official Apple Store to Supposedly Open in the Philippines. Retrieved from http//technogra.ph/2009/05/05/official-apple-store-to-supposedly-open-in-the-philippines/ Apple Investor Relations Annual Reports. (2010). Investor Relations. Retrieved from http//phx.corporate-ir.net/phoenix.zhtml?c=107357&p=irol-reports Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas. (2005). Philippines-Central Bank of Philippines. Retrieved from http//www.bsp.gov.ph/ Vanderbilt. (2007). Foreign Exchange Risk of Firms in Asia-Pacific. Retrieved from http//mba.vanderbilt.edu/vanderbilt/About/faculty-research/featured-research