Chapter 4 : Account Titles and Preparation of Financial Statements

Chapter 4 Account Titles and Preparation of Financial educations oblige 14 The oddment sheet items shallbe categorized as conjoins 1. Assets. (1) up-to-date summations. (2) Funds and long-run enthr atomic number 53ments. (3) Property, fix and equipment. (4) Depletable pluss. (5) Intangible additions. (6) Other additions. 2.Liabilities. obligate 15 Current assets bastardly unrestricted specie and cash equivalent, short-term investments, and separate(a) assets that argon ex potpourriable to cash or expended within mavin(a) year. Categorization and e military rank of catamenia asset titles on with necessitate explanatory nones ar as follows 1. hard currency and Cash equivalent cash on hand, sterilises with banks, cash for revolving handling, petty cash, and short-term and go byingly liquid investment that give the sack be converted into a unyielding add up of cash with af seemly fluctuation having small impact thereon, excluding those already set aside for use or restricted by faithfulness or contract the distinguish character and needed nones argon as follows (1) Non-demand-deposits with maturity all over a year shall be contract. 2) Time deposits (including moveable certificates of deposit) shall be reclassified as separate assets if provided as quick temper for a long-run liability or as some new(prenominal) ongoing liabilities if provided as lien for a reliable liability, and shall be specified in the nones for the fact of collateralization.Refundable deposit shallbe classified as a received or early(a) asset by the long- or short-term spirit, and shall be specified in the nones. (3) Compensating proportions shall be classified as current assets if arising from short-term loans, or reclassified as other(a) assets or long-run investments if arising from semipermanent liabilities. 2.Short-term investment out(p)lined as investment that is short-term the constitution of titles and e paygrade thereof and the mandatory explanatory notes argon as follows (1) Financial asset with change in honorable cheer being record as actualizes or wantes and pecuniary asset available for sale shall be look ond using the ordinary cheer on the labyrinthine sense sheet appointment the fair assess of listed or OTC tenor and depository receipts indicate the closing footing on the ease sheet date. 2) Financial assets which need to be interchange within a short conclusion of time, thus changing in fair scotch apprise and incurring a gain or waiver, moldiness be glinted in the monetary assets records or when determining how to measure the gains or outragees, you decided on using fair cheer to reflect these changes in fair apprize, these figures essential also be reflected in your financial asset records. 3) Financial asset available for sale shall mean the non-derivative financial assets other than the financial assets with change in fair economic appraise being put down into gai ns or losses, which financial assets argon to be held until the date of final result. 4) Short-term investments provided as a lien, collateral or refundable deposit shall be recorded as a short-term investment if the liability for such an investment is provided as a guarantee if a short-term investment is provided as a guarantee for a long-term liability, such investments shallbe recorded as long-term investments. Facts regarding the guaranteeshall be specified in either case. 3. hedge financial assets delineate as the financial assets set up in hedging storying, which atomic number 18 apply as effective hedging tools, shall be measured by fair foster and divided into current and non-current according to the liquidity of the items to be deferd non-current hedging financial liabilities shall be recorded as hedging financial liabilities under other assets. 4. Notes Receivable delimitate as various notes which argon collected by the tune entity.The write uping nature, ra ting and call for notes ar as follows (1) Shall be set at the present jimmy, or may be value at the submit value if maturing within one year. (2) Notes receivable that were discounted or transferred to others shall be deducted and specified. (3) Notes receivable arising from transactions shall be presented respectively from those not arising from trading operations. 4) Large-sum notes receivable from related persons shall be presented individually. (5) Notes receivable that ar provided as collateral shall be specified in the notes. (6) Notes receivable determined to be uncollectible shall be written get through. (7) Notes receivable shall be cute at closing for the uncollectible arrive, and any allowance for the uncollectible add up shall be properly provided and presented as the contra direct of the notes receivable. 5.Accounts Receivable delimitate as the shoot of the telephone circuit entity arising from tradeing goods or services the beaking nature, militar y rating and inevitable notes atomic number 18 as follows (1) Shall be set at the present value or may be precious at the maintain value if maturing within one year. (2) Large-sum billhooks receivable from related persons shall be presented individually. (3) Unrealized interest receiptss from installment sales shall be presented as the contra account of the accounts receivable. 4) Accounts receivable to be collected over one year, shall be specified in the notes for the add up of pass judgment assemblage of each year. (5) Designated Collateralized Accounts Receivable shall be disclosed in the notes. (6) Accounts receivable that includes receivables from a long-term twirl contract shall be presented and specified in the notes for the reserved fragment that has been billed as it pertains to the construction account.Where the expected collection of the reserved list runs past one year, the expected amount of collection for each year shall be specified in the notes. (7) Acco unts receivable determined as uncollectible shall be written off. (8) Accounts receivable shall be valued at closing for the ungathered amount, and an allowance for the uncollectible amount shall be properly provided and presented as the contra account of the accounts receivable. . Other Receivables delimit as the receivables that do not belong to the categories of receivables in the preceding paragraph the account nature, rating and required notes are as follows (1) Other receivables exceeding pentad percent of the sum of current assets shall be presented separately by nature or object. 2) Other receivables shall be valued at closing for the uncollected amount, and an allowance for the uncollected amount shall be properly provided and presented as the contra account of the receivables. Where the receivables are classified greater detail, , the allowance account shall also be presented accordingly. 7.Inventories outlined as merchandise or goods, either finished goods or by-produ cts for sale in normal operations along with goods that are work-in-process to be sold upon completion, or raw materials or supplies utilize directly or indirectly in the production of goods (or services) for sale the account nature, valuation and required notes are as follows (1) Inventories shall be valued using the lower of damage or securities industry price order. 2) Inventories with defect, damage or obsolescence causing an unambiguous decline in value shall be valued based on the give the axe realizable value. (3) Inventories that are provided as lien or guarantee, whose example is supervised by creditors, and so on shall be specified. 8. Prepayments define as various apostrophizes and expenses prepaid.With exclusion for bills required by contract for the purchase of ameliorate assets and construction funds for unor arousented construction funds, which should some(prenominal) be categorized as unconquerable assets. 9. Other Current Assets define as current a ssets that do not belong to the prior seven categories of current assets. However, any of the preceding(prenominal) categories of current assets, with the exception of cash, not exceeding cardinal percent of the sum of current assets may be merged into other current assets. Article 16 Funds and long-term investments are delimitate as the various funds set aside for operational inventions and long-term investments apply by the business for special purposes the account categories, valuation and required notes are as follows 1. Funds delimit as assets provided for special purposes, including drop funds, improvement and expansion funds, contingency loss funds and other related mutual funds. The resolution and implementation method on which appropriation of the funds is based shall be specified. 2.Long-term Investments delimitate as investments of a long-term nature, such as investment in other enterprises, purchases of long-term bonds or investments in real estate or other re lated investments the account nature, valuation and required notes are as follows (1) Long-term investments shall be specified for the valuation basis and shall be presented separately by nature. (2) The chronicle handling of long-term equity investments valued by equity method shall follow the commissariat of the Statement of Financial score Standards No. announced by the Accounting Research and Development Foundation of the Republic of China (hereinafter referred to as the Statement of Financial Accounting Standards). (3) The accounting handling of long-term equity investments not valued by the equity method shall follow the provisions outlined in the Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 34. (4) Long-term investments that are provided as lien or subject to restrictions, limitations, etc. hall be specified. (5) Long-term equity investments measured by cost means those who throw the by-line securities without material impact or the derivative products moving along wi th such securities and deliver through such securities 1. Equity securities that are not traded at the caudex exchange or not traded over the OTC. 2. emergent stock. (6) Financial assets in held-to-maturity delineate as non-derivative financial asset with fixed or determined collection amounts and date of expiry, which business have fast-growing(a) intent and capability to hold until the date of expiry. Bond investments which are held until the date of expiry shall be measured by amortized cost investments held until the date of expiry that expire within one year shall be recorded as a current asset. (7) Bond investments measured by amortized cost defined as bond investment without the open quote of active grocery with fixed or determined collectable amount that meet the undermentioned conditions 1.Not doom to be measured by fair value and the change of fair value being recorded as gains and losses. 2. Not destined to be available for sale. Article 17 Fixed assets defined as tangible assets which are provided for use in operations, not intended for sale, and used for to a greater extent than one year the account categories, valuation and required notes are as follows 1.Land defined as res publica or permanent buck improvements used in operations its valuation includes acquisition be, land improvements of a permanent nature and increases in value from reappraisal, etc. The estimated reserve provided for land value increment value on the increase in value from revaluation shall be classified as a long-term liability.Land that is temporarily registered under the name of others, rather than that of the business entity itself, collect to legal restrictions shall be disclosed in the notes and all safeguarding measures shall be specified. 2. Buildings defined as self-owned expression and structures and other accessory facilities the valuation includes acquisition costs of the building and structures, capitalized expenditures after acquisition that tro uble the useful invigoration or ervice potential of the asset, and increases in value from revaluation. 3. Machinery and Equipment defined as self-owned machinery or shall be valued at cost and may be classified as fixed assets or intangible assets. Leasehold improvements moldinessiness be depreciated or amortized jolly and systematically without falling out based on its durable lifespan or lease term, depending which one comes first, then they can be transferred as a compensation in a rational and systemic method or share its cost. . miscellaneous Fixed Assets defined as the assets that do not belong to the previous five categories the valuation includes acquisition costs and capitalized expenditures prior to acquisition which extend the useful life or service potential of the asset, thus increase in value from revaluation. 7.Construction in Progress and Prepayment for Equipment defined as construction operations that are in process or installations that are unfinished along w ith prepayments for purchases of fixed assets to be used in operations The valuation includes the costs incurred during the process of construction and installation. Fixed assets should be specified for the valuation basis and, if revalued, the date of revaluation and the amount of increase or come down must also be specified.With the exception of land, other fixed assets, upon stretching an useable condition, shall be depreciated springably and systematically during each expiration without perturbation with the depreciation method specified, and the depreciation shall be transferred by nature to expenses or indirect manufacturing costs of each period the hoard depreciation shall be presented as the contra account of the fixed asset. Fixed assets with no operation value shall e regarded as other assets below the force out realizable value or book value. The cost and accumulated depreciation of the assets that have no net realizable value must be written off and the difference shall be recognized as a loss. A fixed asset that is still in use after its service life shall be depreciated based on the salvage value. Fixed assets that are provided as guarantee, mortgage, collateral, etc. shall be specified. Article 18 Depletable assets are defined as natural resources whose value decreases after extraction, cutting or other means of alteration the account valuation and required notes are as follows 1. Depletable assets shall be recorded according to the exact cost of acquisition, exploration and development. 2. Depletable assets should be specified for the valuation basis and, if revalued, the date of revaluation and the amount of increase should be specified. . Depletable assets shall be depleted reasonably and systematically each period without interruption within the estimated extraction or useful life with the depletion method specified. The depletion shall be transferred to inventories or cost of goods sold. The accumulated depletion shall be presented as the contra account of the depletable asset. 4. Depletable assets that are provided as guarantee, mortgage, collateral, etc. shall be specified. Article 19 Intangible assets are defined as assets of economic value however without physical existence the account categories, valuation and required notes are as follows 1. Trademarks defined as trademarks that are legally acquired or purchased the valuation thereof shall use the unamortized cost. 2. Patents defined as patents that are legally acquired or purchased the valuation thereof shall use the unamortized cost. 3. copyright defined as the rights to publish, sell or perform the original or translated work of literature, art, academe, music, movie, etc. the valuation thereof shall use the unamortized cost. 4. Computer computer software defined as computer software purchased or developed for sale, rented or marketed by other means the valuation thereof shall use the unamortized portion of costs of purchase or costs incurred from the establishment of technological feasibility to the production of product masters. The costs incurred prior to the establishment of technological feasibility shall be expensed as research and development costs. . Good leave behind defined as the goodwill acquired at a given price the depreciation try shall be conducted annually. Recognized goodwill impairmen cannot be reversed. 6. arranging apostrophizes defined as the necessary costs incurred for organizing a business entity during its startup period. Organization costs shall be valued at the unamortized cost. Self-developed intangible assets that cannot be distinctly identified, as goodwill, shall not be recognized as assets.Research expenditures and development expenditures, with the exception of commissioned research where the costs can be make sensely vulcanized according to contract, must be regarded as an incurred expense. However, development expenditure confrontation the chase requirement can be capitalized the amount of capitalization cannot exceed the estimated present net income value on future recovery, the present value for estimated future income post subtraction of recurring research, development expenditure, production cost and marketing expenses 1.Technical viability has been do possible to cop such intangible asset. 2. profession entities intend complete such intangible asset and put it out for use or sale. 3. Business entities are capable of using or selling such intangible asset. 4. There exists a specific market encompassing intangible assets or its products such intangible asset for inborn use shall possess useful qualities. 5.Business entities have sufficient technology, finance and other resources to complete such development project and use or sell such intangible asset. 6. Expenditures that are regarded as such intangible asset during the development period can be reliably measured. Intangible assets shall be specified for the valuation basis those whose duration of economic benefit can be reasonably estimated shall be reasonably and systemically amortized over the years of useful life. The length of amortization and method of calculation shall be specified.Intangible assets without clear economic benefit cannot be amortized. Article 20 Other assets are defined as assets that do not belong to the previous five categories of assets and whose collection or liquidation extends over one year the account categories, valuation and required notes are as follows 1. Assets Leased to Others defined as the self-owned assets that are leased to others by a business entity whose main business is not investment or leasing. . Idle Assets defined as assets that are shortly not being used in operations. Idle assets shall be valued at the net realizable value. 3. Refundable Deposit defined as the cash or other assets provided to others for the purpose of guarantee. 4. Long-term Notes, Accounts and Overdue Receivables defined as the notes, accounts and overdue r eceivables whose date of collection has ran over one year.Long-term notes and account receivables shall be valued at the present value and overdue receivables shall be valued at the net realizable value. 5. Deferred Assets defined as the incurred expenses whose benefits last for more than one year, which must be borne by future periods. Deferred assets shall be valued at the unamortized cost. 6. Miscellaneous Assets defined as other assets that do not belong to the previous five categories of other assets.Overdue receivables of a material amount shall be presented individually, overdue occurrences must be stated specifically including reason and amount of uncollectible allowance provided. Other assets exceeding five percent of the sum of total assets shallbe separately presented by nature. Article 21 Current liabilities are regarded as liabilities that are to be settled by use of current assets or other current liabilities within one year. The account categories, valuation and req uired notes for current liabilities are as follows 1.Short-term Borrowings defined as the sum of money that is borrowed or is an overdraft from a financial institution or another party and is to be repaid within one year or one operating cycle the valuation and required notes are as follows (1) Shall be valued at the present value. (2) Shall be specified by type or nature, guarantee situation and interest rate set up of the borrowings, and, if collateral is provided, the name and book value of the collateral. 3) Borrowings from financial institutions, owners, employees, related persons, and other persons or institutions shall be separately specified. 2. Short-term Notes and Bills Payable defined as the short-term notes and bills issued through a commissioned financial institution for the purpose of obtaining funds from the money market, including commercial paper account collectible and bank tolerations, etc. the valuation and required notes are as follows (1) Shall be valued at the present value discounts on short-term notes and bills payable shall be presented as the contra account on the short-term notes and bills payable. (2) Shall be specified for the guarantee, institution of acceptance and interest rate, and if collateral is provided, the name and book value of the collateral. 3.Other Financial Liabilities defined as liabilities meeting one of the following conditions (1) financial liabilities at fair value according to the income statement should be recorded as gains and losses indicating the financial liabilities to be bought back within a short period of time or financial liabilities assigned to be measured by fair value at original recording with change in fair value being recorded as profit and loss. 2) Hedging Financial Liabilities defined as the financial liabilities destined by hedge accounting which are effective hedging tools, and shall be measured by fair value and divided into current and non-current according to the liquidity of the ite ms to be hedged non-current hedging financial liabilities shall be recorded as hedging financial liabilities under other liabilities. 4.Notes Payables defined as the various notes payable by the business entity the valuation and required notes are as follows (1) Notes payables shall be valued at the present value, or may be valued at the slope value if due within one year. (2) Notes payables arising from operations shall be separately presented from those not arising from operations. (3) Notes payable of a material amount to related parties shall be presented individually. 4) Notes payable with collateral provided shall be specified for the name and book value of the collateral. (5) Notes payable that are used as warranter and can be recovered for cancellation at the termination of guarantee certificate of indebtedness may not be presented as current liabilities, but shall be specified in the notes to financial statements for the nature and amount of the guarantee. 5.Accounts Pay able defined as the various accounts payable by the business entity the valuation and required notes are as follows (1) Shall be valued at the present value, or may be valued at the book value if due within one year. (2) Accounts payable arising from operations shall be separately presented from those not arising from operations. (3) Accounts payable of a material amount to related parties shall be presented individually. 4) Accounts payable with collateral provided shall be specified for the name and book value of the collateral. 6. Income valuate Payables defined as the estimated income tax to be paid based on the taxable income. 7. Other Payables defined as any of the payables that do not belong to the previous categories of payables, such as other tax payables, profits payables, etc. the valuation and required notes are as follows (1) Shall be valued at the present value, or may be valued at the book value if due within one year. 2) Dividend and bonus payables whose appropria tion method and expected payment date are determined must be disclosed. (3) If paid amount exceeds 5% of total current liabilities, records must indict the nature of the transaction or the parties involved in the transaction. 8. turn up Receipts defined as various sums of money received in advance. Advance receipts shall be presented separately by major social class with special contract items specified. 9.Other Current Liabilities defined as current liabilities that do not belong to the previous eight-spot categories. However, any of the previous eight categories of current liabilities not exceeding five percent of the sum of total current liabilities may be merged into other current liabilities. Article 22 Long-term liabilities mean liabilities whose payment deadline exceeds one year or one operating cycle, whichever is the longer the account categories, valuation and required notes are as follows 1.Corporate Bonds Payable defined as debentures issued by an issuer the valuati on and required notes are as follows (1) Company bonds shall be valued at the face value adjusted for the unamortized premium and discount the premium and discount shall be reasonably and systematically amortized as the adjustment of interest expense over the periods where the bonds are outstanding. 2) The approved total amount, interest rate, maturity date, name of the collateral, book value, place of issue and other covenants of bonds issued shall be specified in the note. (3) Where the bonds issued are convertible bonds, the conversion method and the amount already converted shall be specified. 2. Long-term Loans Payable defined as the loans payable whose repayment deadlines is xceeds one year the valuation and required notes are as follows (1) shall be valued at the present value. (2) The content, maturity date, interest rate, name of the collateral, book value and other covenants of shall be specified. Where the repayment of long-term loans payable is denominated at a exotic c urrency or is based on a foreign currency exchange rate, the name and amount of the foreign currency shall be specified. 3) Long-term borrowings from owners, employees or related persons shall be separately specified. 3. Long-term notes and accounts payable Mean the notes payables, accounts payables, etc. whose payment deadline exceeds one year. Long-term notes payable and other long-term accounts payables shall be valued at the present value. 4. Preferred stock liability defined as the issuance of preferred stock of the nature of financial liability in compliance with No. 6 bare of the Financial Accounting Standard. Article 23 Other liabilities are liabilities that cannot be classified as current or long-term liabilities the account categories are as follows 1. Deferred Liabilities defined as deferred revenues, deferred income tax liabilities, etc. 2. Deposits Received defined as the cash or other assets received from customers for the purpose of assurance. 3.Miscellaneous Liabi lities defined as other liabilities that do not belong to the previous both categories. Other liabilities exceeding five percent of the sum of total liabilities shall be presented separately by nature. Article 24 Capital defined as the capital brought into the business entity by the o wner and registered with a competent imprimatur however it does not include preferred stock of liability nature the items that shall be specified in the notes are as follows 1.The kinds of capital, face value per share, number of shares authorized, number of shares issued and special conditions shall be specified. 2. Convertible preferred stock and global depository receipts shall be specified for the place of issue, method of issue and conversion, amount already converted and special conditions. Article 26 Retained clams or shortage meaning the equity resulting from business operations the account categories are as follows 1.Legal Reserve defined as the reserve appropriated from moolah accord ing to Company Law or other related regulations. 2. Special Reserve defined as the reserve appropriated from earnings according to regulations or the resolution of earnings distribution for the purpose of curtail the distribution of earnings as dividends or bonus. 3. Retained Earnings-Unappropriated or collect Deficit defined as the earnings that have not been appropriated or the deficit has not been offset.The appropriation of retained earnings or the offsetting of deficit shall only be recorded in the book with the consent of the business owner or a mutual resolution among the stockholders. Proposals for the appropriation of earnings or the offsetting of deficit shall be specified in the notes to the current period financial statements. Article 28 The categories of items in the income statement are as follows 1. Operating revenue enhancement. 2. Operating Costs. 3. Operating Expenses. 4.Non-operating Revenues and Expenses, Other Income (Expense). 5. Income Tax 6. Gains and Lo sses of continue operating department. 7. Gains and Losses of discontinuing department 8. Extraordinary Gains and Losses. 9. Cumulative effect of changes in accounting principles 10. Current period net income (or net losses) Article 29 Operating revenue refers to the revenue make in the normal operation of selling goods or services provided in the current period the account categories, valuation and required notes are as follows 1.Sales Revenue defined as the revenue earned from selling goods. Sales returns and allowances shall be presented as a contra account of sales revenues. 2. Service Revenue defined as the revenue earned from providing services. 3. Agency Revenue defined as the revenue earned from compensation for an intermediary, agency or commissioned work. 4. Other Operating Revenue defined as other revenue that does not belong to the previous three categories. Article 30 Operating costs refers to the costs that are borne for selling goods or providing services in the c urrent period the account categories, valuation and required notes are as follows 1. Cost of Goods Sold defined as the original cost of goods sold or the manufacturing costs of products sold. Purchases returns and allowances shall be presented as a contra account of purchases costs. 2. Services Costs defined as the costs that are borne from providing services. 3.Agency Costs defined as the costs that are borne from an intermediary, agency or commissioned work. 4. Other Operating Costs defined as the costs that are borne from other operating revenues. Article 31 Operating Expenses refers to the expenses that are borne from selling goods or providing services in the current period operating costs and expenses that cannot be separately presented may be merged into operating expenses. either non-operating or expense indicating bonzer losses. Article 33 The income or losses from continuing operations refer to both operating and non-operating revenue. Net operating expenses and non-o perating expenses, of which shall be presented separately according to the pre-tax amount, including income tax expenses or benefits, and post-tax amount. Article 34 The gains or losses from discontinue operations refers the income gained or monies lost due to business operations, along with disposition gains or losses and the gains and losses measured by the net fair value.For discontinued operations completing the disposition within the current year, records shall be made using the net after-tax amount indicating a gain or loss in disposable income for discontinued operations that do not complete disposition within the current year, the net asset thereof must be valued using the face value or net fair value which ever is lower if the net fair value is lower than the face value, net fair value shall be recorded to indicate such a loss so as to off-set the face value of the net asset from the discontinued operations if the net fair value recovers, recovered gains can be recognized within the compass of losses originally measured by net fair value. The gain or loss from discontinued operations shall be presented as net income, following the item of the post-tax income or loss from continuing operations. Article 35 Extraordinary gains and losses refer to any unusual or peculiar occurrence which shall be presented net form, , following the item of the gain and loss from discontinued operations. Article 36 The cumulative effect of changes in accounting principles shall be presented as a net change, following the item of the extraordinary gain and loss. 3. Retained earnings or deficit should include the following content (1) The beginning balance. (2) The prior period net income or loss adjustment. (3) The current period net income or loss. (4) The appropriation of legal reserves and special reserves, distribution of dividends, etc. (5) The ending balance. 4.The beginning balance, the changes of the items and the amount during the current period, and the end ing balance of the unrealized loss on market value decline of financial products. 5. The beginning balance, the changes of the items and the amount during the current period, and the ending balance of the unrealized revaluation increments. 6. The beginning balance, the changes of the items and the amount during the current period, and the ending balance of the cumulative translation adjustment. 7. The beginning balance, the changes of the items and the amount during the current period, and the ending balance of the treasury stock.The respective income tax expense or benefit shall reflect the itemsArticle 39 The statement of cash flows must present a sum-up of information specifying all cash receipts and expenditures incurred by the business entity during a specific period preparation and presentation of the statement of cash flows shall follow the Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 17. Article 40 The following subsequent events that occur after the balance sheet dat e but before the issuance of financial statements shall be specified in the notes to the financial statements 1. Changes in capital structure. 2. evidentiary long- or short-term borrowings. 3. Additions, expansion, construction, leasing, abandonment, idleness, sale, collateralization, transfer or long-term renting of major assets. 4. Significant changes in productive capacity. 5.Significant changes in production and sales policies. 6. Major investments in other businesses. 7. Losses on catastrophic disasters. 8. The proceeding or settlement of important lawsuits. 9. The signing, fulfillment, cancellation or body waste of important contracts. 10. Important organizational adjustments and significant reforms in management systems. 11. Significant effects resulting from changes in government regulations. 12. All other important events and measures that will affect the financial position, results of operations and cash flows in the future. Direct materials used Beginning raw materia ls inventory $ 6,200 Add Cost of raw materials purchased 49,400 ingrained raw materials available 55,600 Less Ending raw materials inventory (5,800) append raw materials used $ 49,800 Direct labor 125,600 Manufacturing overhead corroboratory materials 4,100 Indirect labor 43,700 Depreciationfactory building 9,500 Depreciationfactory equipment 5,400 insurance policyfactory 12,000 Property taxesfactory 4,500 Total manufacturing overhead 79,200 Total manufacturing costs 254,600 Add Beginning work-in-process inventory 10,20 264,800 Less Ending work-in-process inventory (9,800) Cost of goods manufactured $255,000