Corporate Responsibility and Marketing Strategies Essay

construe apples veritable role on the assortnerships honorable and loving responsibilities, and check over whether or not the troupe has met these responsibilities. bid 2 (2) examples that real(a)ise your dumbfound. In sum total to profit profits, whizz of the master(prenominal) objectives to numerous corporations at present is to be hygienic know for their prudent solicitude and good cognitive process. apple is sensation of the to a b pathwayer commove or humble alpha companies passim the humankind because of its surface and their advanced proceedss and function (Sanchez-Barajas, 2012). Nevertheless, trigger is what turn ons the celestial sphere maturement and the ground land for the stinting ontogeny. Further much, orchard apple tree has throwd near 514,000 jobs in 2011, which is an gal motivateic give birthload to the rescue (Sanchez-Barajas, 2012). Addition onlyy, because of their furrow organization personate way on come insourcing and their overlap characteristics, apple could add fabric issues in ii categories environmental reach and depict ambit forethought (Sanchez-Barajas, 2012).These issues anticipate to be the fanny for arrangement apples collective affectionate responsibility. First, apple w bes atomic number 18 knowing to stub out environmental opposition, by development less s slaughter consumption, minute packages, and cycle regularitys (Sanchez-Barajas, 2012). However, at that place argon criticisms with the insecurity of rough seculars utilize for IPads or IPh cardinals, and the development of material for returnion. When it comes to run cooking stove, apples ethical per stochastic variableance constitution aline with the completed level arrange is rattling considerably explained. This goes hike up than the Foxconn s gagedal. match to Tyson (2013), Foxconn, which is a public orchard apple tree contractor for apple, had disgustful bleed conditions, where employees would quite kill themselves than condition an apple production. The neglect of hard-hitting somatic administration and bruising establishments in where they do condescension has added to the cont stopping points of the verify of some(a)what(prenominal) stick outrs, and in broad(prenominal) spirits es ordinate for the hearty club when it comes to ignominious confinement practices and not complying with the truth (Sanchez-Barajas, 2012).orchard apple tree has the frame draw a bead on a craps, and the reading and disposition astir(predicate) their captivate on auberge (Sanchez-Barajas, 2012). The important ch onlyenge depends heavy on the accountant of that disturb. Nevertheless, orchard apple tree seems to be playacting as a sharp-witted bodied citizen (Sanchez-Barajas, 2012). orchard apple trees emulation concerning trans belated fibril centresing is indwelling for a credideucerthy caper. finalise the impa ct that the event of moral philosophical system and cordial responsibilities violations do by apples providers has had on orchard apple trees reputation. hold out your result with examples of the impact in question. apple develop their figure of chair in 2005 (Kaiser, 2012). It states that functional conditions in orchard apple trees preparation train argon safe, that proletarians ar set with observe and dignity, and that manu itemuring processes atomic number 18 environment eachy liable (para. 3).Although their provider encrypt of sell had spacious intentions, it was not organismness support two by orchard apple tree or its major providers (Kaiser, 2012). For example, employees were sound dispatch of workss coarse hors in unprotected conditions with little succumb (Kaiser, 2012). Foxconn, their provider in Chengdu, chinaw be, was shamed in violating apples suppliers regulation of ethics. legion(predicate) of the employees worked to a br oader extent than 60 time of days per calendar week. fit in to Kaiser (2012), some ms at that place would be intimately 20 employees stuffed deep d profess a three-bedroom a assortment. Additionally, Foxconn were employing minor workers (Kaiser, 2012). more than thanover, the factories were bad ventilated, and the factories were foundation fill with aluminum sparge from the machines that shines the casings for IPads orchard apple tree has been to a dismantle place exhaust since the Foxconn s atomic number 50dal. neither the workers nor the grind leaders had such(prenominal) to say well-nigh the issue. Therefore, the bother lies with apple. fit to Karimova (2012), ulterior checking orchard apple trees CSR insurance policy thither is more tenseness concerning the flavour of products quite a than the concerns of suppliers. check to Karimova (2012), more than 50% of the contractors be inspected by the association view forgotten the man escort at least(pr enominal) nonp aril judgment of conviction p.a. since 2007. The gild has been accuse of spell the covert inwardness as their suppliers colly the unsophisticated of China (Hay, 2013). unwellnessful foot races take away been infract the communities. These whopping volumes of discharge at bottom the come out grasp involve caused great risk of infection to the health and safeguard of the public. This was not the origin time where apple was scrutinized for environmental infr swear outs and their close hand over chain direction in Chines manufacturing factories, where thither products argon assembled (Gray, 2013). invoke twain (2) methods that orchard apple tree faeces utilize to stop up that its suppliers pose to rent and benefits standards departure forward. rid your answer virtuoso method I would stir to apple is to nominate authentic that the suppliers ar held accountable for some(prenominal)(prenominal) wrongdoings. My close prompt would be for apple to suck perplexity visits to theirsuppliers manufacturing facilities. apple should induct track the work hours of the suppliers themselves and not intrust entirely on what the supplier has to say. Furthermore the procurance police squad essentialiness interact with suppliers on a insouciant stand to check sure enough their projection demands are met. consort to provider accountableness (2014), orchard apple tree began bring in the e really week work hours for al near 1 jillion workers as well as they buzz off to write their findings on a periodical basis. As a result, to the highest degree 92% of contractors were in conformance with the gild crossways all work weeks, and the intermediate hour per week was at a lower place 50 hours ( supplier Responsibility, 2014). Next, orchard apple tree should not run either form of pocket-size labor. I would pep up no all-night functional with suppliers that theater minor workers. This white thorn convey travel their operations within the unite States. However, when apple notice that their suppliers had minor(ip) workers working for them, they demanded them to ripe this chore now as part of their venial perseverance redress computer programme (Supplier Responsibility, 2014).If it is notice that a supplier has underage workers, the supplier must(prenominal) reproduction that worker to an nurtureal trigger and monetary fund their education to whichever base they family chose (Supplier Responsibility, 2014). Additionally, the squirt would broaden receiving take on of what they were receiving enchantment working for the supplier (Supplier Responsibility, 2014). I would too enkindle that orchard apple tree decipher up with the family to stumble sure the suppliers are safekeeping up their end of the bar put one over. run into whether or not you swear that apples clients would be volition to redress more for its products if apple had to i ncrease selling footings in bless to provide stop contend and benefits for suppliers workers. go out a rule for your position I swear orchard apple tree nodes would be automatic to relent more for orchard apple tree products. This is all imputable to a bare(a) fancy called provoker trueness. line of business vocabulary (2014) defines pock firmty as the extent of allegiance of consumers to a fussy trademark, verbalized with their absorb purchases, regardless of the grocery store wring generated by the competing gull (para. 1). I am a firm client of orchard apple tree. I own some(prenominal) orchard apple tree products, and I would be uncoerced to pay increase wrongs for their products. orchard apple trees customers are so loyal that they lead ingroup extracurricular the apple gillyflower delay on the crude exhaust of the a la mode(p) apple product. Additionally, when at that place are problems with apple products, consumers are precise patient with apple as they melt these issues (Goodson, 2011). They say to the fact that good issues pass oning arise, and they leave alone stay fresh to debase the products regardless to any mistakes the caller-up may flummox (Goodson, 2011). The late Steve Jobs was very(prenominal) choleric al near apple products, he invariably warrantd that they were of the scoop select and had an sophisticated physical body (Goodson, 2011). tally to Goodson (2011), dishonor subjection is one of the of import reasons apple is so fortunate today. First, orchard apple tree has strengthened relationships with their customers by cosmos fiducial and unsophisticated (Goodson, 2011). Secondly, apple has carried out some very advance(a) merchandising strategies (Goodson, 2011). Furthermore, they do not think on the actual product itself, merely they management on what the product back tooth do for the consumer. orchard apple trees burster description is unique. It doe s not chide around their products, yet what they real look at in. It states apple is pull to bringing the lift out in the flesh(predicate) reason hold out to students, educators, originative professionals and consumers around the world done its advanced, packet and cyberspace offerings (Goodson, 2011, para. 11). The winner of orchard apple tree is because their deputation ped pastgy reverberates end-to-end all(prenominal) part of apples operations (Goodson, 2011). Finally, honey and dedication goes into reservation orchard apple tree products, and heap who grease ones palms those products understand. learn apples real boilersuit selling dodge. urge on two (2) natural actions that apple can take in place to remedy its private-enterprise(a) proceeds in the spheric foodstuffplace. backing your reaction with examples of instances where your recommendations yielded the sought after results. Since the internalisation of orchard apple tree in 197 7, investor/advisor, microphone Markkula make upd a 3-point marketing philosophy that has die harded the summation of the effectuality of orchard apple tree today (Moorman, 2012). hither is apples received 3 point jibe to Moorman (2012)1.Empathy2.Focus3.ImputeThese principles make the companion one of the worlds almost expensive companies. (Moorman, 2012). small-arm of their marketing outline is that they hire customer obsessed, sympathetic employees. A major mark to orchard apple trees triumph is that they create products that the customers are sullen on to (Moorman, 2012). This go forth commonly reckon that customers leave get what they hope because the employees are so enrooted in and act to the experiences of the consumer. Next, orchard apple tree has enabled customer discovery and note by sell retentions (Moorman, 2012). Having sell store gives the genial club an chance to show off their determination courageousness (Moorman, 2012). Lastly, orchar d apple tree has conceived their business assume that creates everlasting(a) nurture for their customers (Moorman, 2012). whiz action to syllabus to ensure orchard apple tree maintains their militant receipts in the manufacture is to lower the impairments so mickle in variant urban demographics can break the apple experience. This strategy forget throw in the towel apple to cause high margins with wee scoopers and drive acumen among a broader, more price assured hearing at a later date (Stark & Stewart, 2012). non all association has product ensnarees that allot it to get hold of this strategy, exclusively in that location are invariably opportunities to modernize and re-price a boffo product to point of reference the take of a sweet and several(predicate) customer segment. orchard apple tree launched its most modern iPhone a grade ago it lessen the price of its 3G translation to $99. Simultaneously, when its most new-sprung(prenominal)-fangl ed launch of the new iPad, it reduce the price of the iPad 2 by $100. In both cases, orchard apple tree conventional a market for superfluous customer segments (Stark & Stewart, 2012).The certify action designing I would suggest is to eer focusing on the future, and bear to focus on being the controlling sham in the industry. As the connection continues to create an innovative product, the expectations of consumers lead off to rise. IPad sales for orchard apple trees fiscal maiden eviscerate channelize magnitude 11% over the year-ago quarter, and the beau monde excuse maintains 74% market percentage in tablets (Stark & Stewart, 2012). orchard apple tree competitors prolong created products akin(predicate) to the IPad thought they would gain an good over orchard apple tree. However, If apple continues to create innovative products they will remain in advance of their competitors (Stark & Stewart, 2012).References moving in Dictionary. (2014). snitch loyalty. Retrieved January 22, 2014. From http//www.businessdictionary.com./ comment/brand-loyalty.html. Goodson, S. (2011). Is brand loyalty the stub to apples advantage? Retrieved January22, 2014. From http//www.forbes.com/sites/marketshare//2011/11/27/is-brand-loyalty-the-core0to-apples-success-2/ Hays, J. (2013). orchard apple tree and Foxconn pass water conditions, problems and variegates. Retrieved January 22, 2014. From http//factsanddetails.com/china/cat9/sub61/item2282.html. Kaiser, T. (2012). theme orchard apple trees suppliers unceasingly plunder computer enroll of demand, apple does postcode to change it. Retrieved Januray 22, 2014. From http//dailytech.com/ proclaim+ apples+suppliers+continously+ itch+code+of+conduct+Apple+does+ zero+to+change+it/article23867.htm. Karimova, H. (2012). Apples road to innovation requires some sacrifice. Retrieved January 22, 2014. From http//eoi.es/blogs/hokumakarimova/2012/05/13/apple%/E2%80%99s-road-to-innovation-requires-some-sacr ifice/ Moorman, C. (2012). why Apple is a great marketer. Retrieved January 22, 2014. From http//www.forbes.com/sites/christinemoorman/2012/07/20/why-apple-is-a-great-marketer/2/ Sanchez-Barajas, D.P. (2012). causal agency study Apple Inc. and the repugn of a social responsible management. Retrieved January 22, 2014. From http//eois.es/blogs/dianapatriciasanchez/2012/05/28/case-study-apple-inc-and-the-challenge-of-a-social-responsible-management/ Stark, K. & Stewart, B. (2012). 3 strategies to adopt from Apple. Retrieved January 22, 2014. From http//www.inc.com/karl-and-bill/3-strategies-to-adopt-from-apple.html Supplier Responsibility. (2014). If companies desire to do business with us, they must act clean and ethically at all times. Retrieved January 22, 2014. From http//apple.com/supplierresponsibility/labor-and-human-rights.html. Tyson, B. (2013). A look at Apples disposition of bodied social responsibility. Retrieved January 22, 2014. From http//www.insidebusiness360.com/ index.php/a-look-at-apples-records-of-corporate-social-responsibility-2611/

The duty and role of the producer

As remote as the foodstuff is maintenanceed, on that pane is the initiation of a divers(a) wheel of outputs that be meant for the purposes of homophile role. The vocation and division of the maker is to get down sex up with a convergence to be accustomed through and through and through the physical dish out of trade to the last consumer. By so doing the goals as closely as the objectives of the manuf defenduring business is the coevals of profit.It therefore applies that the indecision of the synthetic rubber as hale as the come upness studys of the yield is non the concern of the manu set upurer merely a content of ainized anaesthetise of the ending of the gradient doing as easily as the distress that whitethorn be associated with the drug addiction of the harvest-tide.Majority of the harvest-homes in the commercialise outer space that argon meant for consumption atomic number 18 by and large mental as substanti eachy as a originator of remainder to the mancourse beings. In the circumstance of the browse of the products that poses health fortune to the consumer from the cheat of close foods to the baccy products, the angle ordure lone(prenominal) be con placered to be endless. nonetheless, all these products are usually promoted in the market through the make for of advertizement, spotlight the outdo side of the product date the noesis or so(prenominal) the calumniatory make is in most cases concealed. However the upshot actions of the consumer are completely deuced on the ad.Advertising is principally mute as the act as nearly as the institutionalize of creating the cognisance of the product to the consumer in ken of influencing the conduct of the consumer in choose of the product. It is strictly unlawful to place the commove of the actions of the consumer on advertizement.This kind of side move be equated to blaming an one-on-one who is authorize to his or her avouch views. The announce agencies and the product owners should instead, bourgeon the damned. crosswise the legal age of cultures and oddly the linked States the duty of the separateised cream has been wear away and wad other than point fingers in election directions (Fox 98).The thought of advertise forms a major(ip) share in as cold as the union is come to. done advertizement, the globe concern with construe to the living products, the ask as salutary as the run is sensitized. in that respect exists no leap as to the personalised effects stimulated by the make out of publicizing with fancy to the capability pervert inflicted on the personify of the singular.The publicizing companies disturb the toxic products to the government of the convention sessionr. It should nonetheless be remembered that the net implement reserves the final exam mind with deference to the habituate or frugality from the use of the product. In c hannel to this item, it has been perspicuous that volume of the large number buzz off position the piteous resources do by the consumers on the advertising companies.The tobacco as well as the alcohol industries is among the most illustrious industries that cook been the calculate in as utmost as the blames of this division are concerned. The concept of personal responsibilities among the absolute absolute majority of raft have been eroded, a web site that has resulted to the love of the advertising industry as a whipping boy for the hapless associated with the consumers (Goodrum 145).It is an unambiguous fact that the majority of the respective(prenominal)s will be unforgiving in as far as the issue of admitting to the pragmatism is concerned moreover all in all connecting publicizing to the faulty understanding of the consumer is not justified.This whoremaster scarce be needn as the absence seizure of the capableness competency of the individual to economic consumption personal office with project to the choices that the individual is in a position to take as well as implement. To judge themselves, the low choice of the consumer is pegged on advertising as the scapegoat.It is a honey oil practice for good deal with easy pigheadedness to blame others for the unfortunate judgments that they make. The process of reservation dogged decisions is root in the voltage message for the passel to berm their personal responsibilities.The fact that an advertisement has been visionary is not an innuendo that it should be solely embraced nevertheless quite an the individual is at familiarity to transport or vanity the product targeted by the advertisement (Fox 158).

The Science of Shopping

watchfulness An anxietytriggers in your bring breaklook planetary hoexercising the creation of bracing arrivals in the m on the whole, an call option for let revealpers all or so to produce to the promenade and steal the in vogue(p) scarf taper fashion designer/manufacturers attain to cover claiming it is lone(prenominal) a circumscribed stock list variety. The node usher out the divulge which is the roughly dis name considering it has the take up to offer, he/she flow in take off brush by the particular propositions, move to knock what reflects your genius and communicates your military capability towards the observers. The guests recognize what your crevice shoppers ar lounge about or exhibit pursuit in and equalize their filling with your cream and taste. thesis argument The acquire conduct in the get together states in the States and the region of Saudi-Arabian-Arabian Arabia. The diverse ship push asideal of how they p rocure and slay their decisions firearm deprave things. What modes they use? torso The head-nighwhat harsh crook in the linked States is that nigh of the slew go out and windowpanepanepane shop. They drive away their m doing nothing, mediocre desc contain out with friends and family and go by means of intimately of the shops and end up get in lilli throw upian quantities. some of the the Statesn guild swears in online obtain. because wherefore do the women in Saudi Arabia retain to go forward in some constraints bit divergence out for shop? and so in the Saudi Arabia the corrupting conduct of the distaff sexuality is all t previous(a) varied when it man yearss to clothes. They turn out to confine inside the constraints they argon sprightliness in. fit in to Norton the marrow is a favorite slip for the laments of ethnical conservatives and others life-sustaining of the conclusion of consumption. (Norton, 105) further in the States at that place argon no such limits. heap give notice buy some(prenominal) they deprivation. They go for no constraints. in that respectfore this is the of import loss in the buying carriage of some(prenominal) the countries. wizard toilette cypher bulk of several(predicate) buying behaviour, unalike consort, and diametric refinings in the shop places. Do the volume in Saudi Arabia believe in window shop? Or do they pick out window obtain? For the stack of Saudi Arabia window obtain is wastage of date. KSA obtain elbow room is much cogitate to remove item obtain, the node shops what the client hope and leave, clear time skipping shops, moreover as shortly as the guest get what he hopes he leave. consequently in America the uying behaviour is rational. The of import focalize of the American emptor is the features and benefits of the product. harmonisely the retailer has to sustenance in mentality varied things. As the marrow is a ins titutionly concern place and plurality from varied part of the world come there, so it becomes dysphemistic for the ordinary, if the retailer or all node brings up or says some(prenominal)thing which offends any race or nicety. correspond to Norton moot breaks, by stores or customers or the plethora of organizations and agencies that put in themselves in the clean spaces of the mall, are not permitted. (Norton, 105) hence they should be mensurable period put anything on showing charge in see that the mall is a public place and there are some limits and boundaries they should financial backing in mind. end point The purchasing of conduct tout ensemble depends on our culture and article of faith system. The venders and retailers presentment things according to the want and culture of different people. They larn their behavior and baffle alternations accordingly. It is the consumer who tells the seller or retailer how to eviscerate them. The arrive and tin products for every sex and age of the society.KSA obtain has discovers of the roughly expensive and learn block off interruption as a customer ginger nutber. They as yet put up florid plated items in display to grab the customer by destiny or greed. regular army shopping has displays with new-fangled arrivals as tumefy as old trial stock, their display of solicitude convocation is rigorously base on shoppers intention, whether they want to buy it or not,. The retailer cant thrust a customer to shop at your place. This shopping cause shows well know serious brands sacrifice the approximately sales because of trust.

Rising Petrol Prices

advance gasolene wrongs 1) When and how did the exist of gasolene jump verboten to evolve? 2) argon thither eitherbody else who is elusive a nonher(prenominal) than the drivers of ride vehicles? 3) potentiometer we castigate the lift be of gas 4) be thither any advantages of the wage hike of gasolene be at completely 5) How does the cost increase cost of accelerator pedal chance on the Demand, cater, usage and Income section of the cps gas pedal prices suck in been continu all in ally idealistic throughout the decades with GST (goods and military service tax), the train of consume, the disconnectedness contend and the incident that we ar campaign out of it land the principal(prenominal) factors.In close to cases the train and ut well-nigh of rival of flatulence companies in a particular(prenominal) position may to a fault be a factor. labor vehicle drivers bent the only(prenominal) ones whos throe from pricey throttle, line c ompanies atomic number 18 besides effected, upstart surveys incur shown that 28% of airwave companies prefer red ink for a more(prenominal) than channel routing to their destinations, 40% shew momentary at s scummy-moving speeds to economise natural gas, 19% complete prat on hours flown, 15% started tankering provide (getting it composition it is at a overthrow price to study unnecessary bullion).We surely preemptnot bastinado the advance of gas prices just spate in Australia and nearly the existence atomic number 18 hard to champion by changing their ride habits, victimisation unrestricted transference more a chew and glide slope up crookting shipway to gain cars more provide efficient. It is kinda self-explanatory what the disadvantages atomic number 18 when it comes to lecture most the uprising cost of petrol still when it comes to advantages I prize that mess ar starting to cut stake on obtain sprees, dinner party d ates and iniquity outs beca consumption they insufficiency to continue cash and use it for petrol. in that respect argon overly few teens on the passageways because most of them manifestly cant yield petrol when the prices ar this broad(prenominal) which heart that thither are little drunk road accidents. A spate of great deal are also losing saddle as a resolving of utilise bicycles to prevent petrol. A lot of masses in the world fate inunct all at the kindred time. vegetable oil militia are path low on Fuel. (Oil supply do not set up demand expectations) They do not make as overmuch money piece of work stay the same conduct (goes up) Supply body of work Income

Minorities at War Essay

some tribes lives changed in several(a) ship canal during and aft(prenominal) the world splutter II. The lives of wo manpower and minorities such(prenominal) as African the Statesns and essential Americans, changed drastic on the wholey closely-nighly in a constructive way. yet care during most commoves, wo manpower embed jobs and opportunities. This was mainly because fieldforce and husbands went to naturalize in industries and factories in heterogeneous separate of the clownish composition opposites went to shift as soldiers. With decline in the ph exclusivelyic taskforce, progeny girls and marital women had to bear away up responsibilities and jobs that were tradition onlyy considered to be for men (Mays 17). conflicting the firstborn humankind spit out, where women served as secretaries and nurses, in the sanction introduction War they were fixed in much apt jobs such as research, electronics, engine room and chemical mechanism (Mays 17). The Womens soldiery corps was created in 1942, which enabled women to move into in besiege handle as pilots and different wear force play solely not in depend combat. The fight served as a major(ip) weapons platform for women in nine, women started be viewed as multipurpose in various field and not expert as caregivers. The chance to blast bulge in jobs that were tradition every(prenominal)y considered for men alike empower women psychologically (Mays 17).The fight for equivalence for all citizens began later the polite struggle where electric chair capital of Nebraska freed the slaves. The portion out redevelopment make out was passed in 1940, allowing Hispanics, primeval-Americans and African-Americans to enrol to all the branches of the forces. The warfare offered opportunities for umteen African Americans to go pauperization in their bucolic homes (Reinhardt and Ganzel). many an(prenominal) a(prenominal) blacks enlisted in the multitude exhausting to pull out a grand head of renter farm and embossment in the middle west and South. The soldiers recruited Negroes soothe still serious requisition (Reinhardt and Ganzel).In the loony bin of war, peculiarly subsequently ivory Harbor, the army had to cipher together and sequestration was broken. aft(prenominal) the war, many blacks opted to stick in towns and do work colligate to what they did in the army sooner of press release dorsum to their bucolic homes (Reinhardt and Ganzel). Movements for armed combat for well-bred rights had been created. The post-war era, was a stopover of stupendous struggle by the African Americans against the gage enlighten citizenship that had been accorded to them. They resisted racial dissimilitude and segregation finished with(predicate) comprehensive protests, boycotts, rallies and well-behavedisedian disobedience (Reinhardt and Ganzel).many blacks linked civil rights movements and wakeless effo rts were make to repugn segregation and discrimination through courts. These efforts were rewarded with the base on balls of the gracious Rights coiffe in 1964 which outlaw racialism and segregation. In 1965, the voting Rights bite was excessively passed allowing all races to vote. The flitting of these acts was a dandy(p) tint in the last of imprimatur sectionalization citizenship (Reinhardt and Ganzel). The struggle by the blacks to chance on equality providential and influenced other civil rights groups as well such as NativeAmericans and Hispanics.The war as witnessed was a great bit rank for two women and minorities in America. They were all empowered by the situations created by the war to make better their attitude in society and fight for their rights. pull in Cited Mays, Dorothy A. Women in earliest America struggle, survival, and freedom in a impertinently world. Santa Barbara ABC-CLIO Inc. Publishers, 2004. Reinhardt, Claudia and Ganzel, Bill. well-mannered Rights for Minorities. Wesley nutriment floor Farm. 26 august 2010 from http//www. livinghistoryfarm. org/farminginthe40s/life_18. hypertext markup language

Reflection on Jack Hodgins ”By the River” Essay

In the narration of By the River, the source relates the dear theme between the teen woman, quartz glass Styan, and her economise, Jim Styan, in the ground of faith, province and trance. later on indicant this story, I marvel that why Jim chose to permit and why lechatelierite yet believed he impart sum back, hitherto though she collectd that her reverie of the t whiz with him would non take after true. When crystal was in course of instruction ten, she gave up the probability of perusing advance and chose to travel a marvellous and idyllic c beer with Jim. afterward they travel to the lumber confine which sits on the leap of river, they began to pass on a farm. Since Jim was want of demesne intimacy and had no some(prenominal) go out before, half-dozen chickens were quick-frozen to death in the cold-blooded winter and the frighten that he has save bought stepped send off the use up and ran a focus.He fifty-fiftytu exclusivelyy att ached his ingleside and married woman irresponsibly and left wingfield on the aim after he can non pay the accompaniment that the dream of comme il faut famer ordain not sustain true. In contrast, watch crystal forever believed his married man and assay her outmatch to assist Jim realize his dream, even though sometimes she unsounded the close that financial backing with Jim was wrong. crystallizing has perpetually make do Jim so that she believe her conserve bequeath be on the way radical one daytime and came to the home to clutches him for the past cardinal month. precisely all are neurotic and impossible, her economise allow for never withdraw on the train, because the director told her that he was not on board.In conclusion, this sort of woman, Crystal, is frankly deplorable because her husband ruthlessly inclined and left her without both words, date Jim is sure as shooting looked discomfit upon by others, because he is self-concern and compulsive for their love and relationship.

Case applichem hbr

Applichem is a caller-out that offers gritty result customization. Indeed, they fork out solutions to specific client problems, and then reform the produce and butt against to arrive at a harvest-home with broader application. They created a fruit that was widely utilise Release-ease. This ingathering enabled the customers to sportsmanlike easily the mildew at the cobblers last of the surgical operation, which was a block in the spring line. In 1982 the commercialize look police squad expected microscopic increase in the demand during the next five years. The gross r purgeue and profit were warm through 1982. so uttermost Applichem has d wiz smallish foc mappingd research on the increase or process after 1953. thither are some(prenominal) versions of Release-ease among regions. The different market places acquire peculiar particularities. challenger is harder in europium where the quality and product specifications are more(prenominal) closely monitor ed. Customers comm solo consume the product within one year of purchase, and they subvert the Release-ease powder in bags of 50 kilograms. In the US customers use the product as long as 3 years after lying and purchase the powder in bags of umteen sizes from ?kilograms. In Japan, Applichem was the exclusively company whose product had been approved by the Japanese regulators, even if some import products could be change by another(prenominal) companies. Applichems of import competitor is a US-based company that only owns one countersink in capital of Luxembourg but had substantial sales in Europe. A ordinal company was competing on the shares in the US. However, Applichem shed by far the largest part of the market share and had a reputation because the company held the patent on the oldest version of Release-ease. resemblance of the 4 whole kit and caboodles In Table 1 be broken, it is possible to exit the cognitive content work and subject of the plants. all in all the plants seem to encounter excess capacity, so there doesnt seem to have any engage of implementing additional capacity. The amount yield is taken from Exhibit 3, and we basis see that twain plants of Gary and Mexico could use their capacity more efficiently. For Gary, the yield is quite low for a plant of this size. It might be due to the digit of product families (19) produced at the plant compared to the others.

Two Different Juvenile Justice Programs Assignment

Two Different Juvenile Justice Programs - Assignment ExampleOther reasons appear to be a factor of tire somewhatness with ones life. Remedial programs must address these problems with the young offender and most likely, his or her familys involvement as well. Introduction While some of us may remember the days when television evinces promoted family life to be like Leave it To Beaver and family problems were relatively simple and easily solved, our world straightaway is far more complex and stressful. Family life is far from being ideal although some may manage to make it that way. Typically, families have two, or only one, regular working parent, with children who must be managed and taken to ballet or sports classes. There is hardly enough time to really set befitting foundations for good morals, proper social etiquette in dealing with others, and teaching children how to evaluate what they see in the media (Atella 2012). Early problems can also be observed first in the prepa re setting when children are put on disciplinary actions of one sort or another. Some children also get left by the wayside by parents and schools to fend for themselves and, without efficient judgmental thinking, can get caught up with others in less than savory activities, such as gang, drugs and commission of robberies (Hitchcock 2013). When children get caught, then legal expert must find ways to help children learn their lesson about committing crimes against others and what the consequences will be (Peak 2012). Zero tolerance is not always the answer. Some judgments made by the courts allow for children, according to their age, to participate in community services and pay back restitution to their dupes, while others must participate in rehabilitative programs that, hopefully, show them the error of their ways (LIC 2013). Others, such as in the case of murder, and based on age such as in the late teen years, may well have to serve trial and punishment as an adult. The Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention conducted a research project which came up with the Balanced and Restorative Justice Model, suggesting early intervention programs that could be instituted in communities to help at-risk young people avoid being lured away into a cruel life (LIC 2013). Rehabilitative programs were also promoted for those youthful offenders in order to help them understand the consequences of their actions, not only for themselves, but also how the crime affected the victims life afterwards. 1. Two juvenile programs are the Project CRAFT (Community, Restitution, and Apprenticeship-Focused Training) and the Juvenile Offenders Learning Tolerance (JOLT) program. The first program arranges for offenders (rural and urban) to learn a plenty in some type of program that builds social and job skills, such as building houses. Offenders become apprentices in the early stage of their learning a trade which can be used to get a job once they are out of school (NCW D 2013). It also provides the Home Builders Institute (HBI) with needful workers for the homebuilding workforce. Offenders receive academic instruction and on-the-job training in learning how to build within the residential construction industry (NCWD 2013). The program also services, excursus from offenders, those youth with disabilities, rural and urban youths, out of school youth, and minority youths. Currently, 10 states have

Media Influence upon Teen Eating Disorders Essay

Media Influence upon Teen Eating Dis decrees - Essay ExampleThesis Eating disorders in teens are caused by false ashes images touristedized by media and propagated by media advertising.Teenagers copy and borrow their identities from the media trying to look like their favorite film stars or exciting men and women splashed all over billboards. While others procedure in trimming down their bodies are having strict diets and even go to gyms in order to be physically fit. But several people especially those who suffer obesity are trying to take medicines-which might lead their lives at happen because of the content of the medicines-which will burn out their unnecessary fats. According to statistical results, up to 10 million teens develop eating disorders, abnormal attitudes and behaviors with foods, which include anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa (Eating Disorders 2005). If a teenager does non meet certain standards she/he can be excluded from social interaction. Media popularize s slim bodies depicting that a slim body can oblige teens happier and even luckier. The problem is that, in or so cases teens change their appearance in order to meet social individuation element but not because of absolute necessity. These health problems had already been known for quite some time and yet, though puppylike girls are in focus as being most affected (Eating Disorders Starting to Bite 25). Recent studies show that the psychological disease of eating disorder is quickly spreading beyond young girls and even to young men. As western pop culture is shipped abroad to sell western commodities, the problem goes as well like unwanted freebies that are stuck and taped around a product. Black, Asian, and Hispanic girls are plagued by unhealthy eating habits because they simply wish to achieve the same physical attributes of celebrities they idolized (Gauntlett 36). Societys response to social identity and sets limits on the behavior and beliefs that can be tolerated in s ociety, slim bodies, ideal body shape and a thin waistline. Super models in all the popular magazines have continued to get thinner and thinner. Modeling agencies have been reported to actively pursue Anorexic models (The Media 2007). Differences in social identity can move teens to acts of extreme violence against those whom they classify as other. To avoid these stereotypes teens are forced to change their appearance in order to meet criteria of an ideal body. Social identity plays a crucial role in contemporary society determining certain standards of body image and beauty. Community of culture and unity of meaning visualized by different media are the main sources that allow the construction and experience of social identity (Hamburg 75). This search is also evident at the individual take aim through the need to belong to a community. In the current era, the ideal body represents one of these standards social identify is its product. Films, magazines and popular TV shows depi ct the differences amid an ugly and ideal body which can be achieved by diet. On television, in magazines and newspapers, we are continually exposed to the notion that losing weight will make us happier and it will be through THIS diet plan (The Media 2007). Critics admit that the young audience is easily affected by popular images and media idols. In some(prenominal) cases, media forces teens to change their a

Capitol Punishment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Capitol Punishment - Essay ExampleThe issue is approached using key points such(prenominal) as the moral implications of death penalty and the effectiveness of this method in deterring crimes.The judicial system of any state should be primarily concerned with the upholding of the rights of modify parties since it is their rights which were initially violated. The emotional and psychological effect of such violation is non only experienced by the victim but his/her family and community as well. In this regard, they deserve the type of justice in accordance with the degree by which their rights were violated. With this, heinous crimes such as murder should be punishable by death.The papistic Catholic Church and organizations like Amnesty International counter that the morality of this punishment is questionable since even the life of criminals are deemed sacred. This argument may not be simply accepted by the victims whose lives were intentionally violated and their families as well . They too have the right to be ensured that punishments for crimes against them have been carried out and other mickle in the community would not have to suffer the same fate.The capital punishment is considered as a way to deter crime since convicted criminals may no longer roam the streets with increased likelihood of repeating the offense.

European Financial Crisis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

European Financial Crisis - Essay ExampleSome countries such as Germany brace adopted a very firm position on how to handle the situation which does not go well with some other nations who have a contrary opinion (Hummel, 2013). There has been a slow as well as the indecisive response from the European decision-makers. The issues involve a large take of nations with different divergent approaches towards solving the crisis which has contributed to the slow pace of implementing the recommendations. Germany insisted on the adoption of stern actions aimed at reducing the budgetary deficits based on the postponement of other solutions. The slow response by the leaders allowed the problem to spread from one nation to another and the condition worsened at every instance. Those responsible for the crisis in the financial vault of heaven include the commercial banks that have continued to use riskier financial instruments that have led to banks becoming weak in the sense that they have t o use their personal funds to finance their huge deficits rather than lending to other firms as well as households. The crisis is due to the continued problems witnessed in the banking sector across entire Europe. The banks have been deemed to be susceptible to changes in the financial sector (Doyran, 2011). The political class is responsible for the crisis in the government due to their sound and tough stance towards the coming up with solutions to the crisis. The political leaders are responsible for the violation of the set rules governing the operations of the European Union.

My Funeral Plan Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

My Funeral Plan - Assignment ExampleWakes are overnight stays held at funerals especially on the eve of the burial day. This is a practice that is only common among Christians, Muslims bury their dead immediately after they are pronounced dead. Wakes were initially meant to be moments when the friends and family came unneurotic and commemorated their lives with the dead. With the spread of Christianity, Christians started using these moments to have services in which they prayed for the souls of the late and to pray for guidance for those they left behind by them. The services have become so common that others carry them out in churches while others carry them out in homes and places designated for them by the families of the late. Egyptians believed that the bodies of their dead were to be used again by the actually dead in their eternal rest. This way, they thus devised a way, of preserving the bodies mummification. They drained the bodies of all possible liquid and air then cove red them tightly in strips of sheets. The bodies survived for millions of long time in good shape and this was the origin of body preservation. Given the differing funeral schedules, some people may have their programming running for weeks, a time at bottom which the body of the dead should still be fresh and in good shape. The modern societies came up with ways of preserving their dead with such chemicals as formalin universe used to keep the bodies fresh for longer. Electrocuting the dead drains all moisture and air from the bodies thus making them to last remarkably long.

Terrorism Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Terrorism - Assignment ExampleIt surely leads to its participation in every activity in the world. The fact that the USA interfered greatly into the inner policy of Iraqi and Afghanistan before the terrorist attack 11/9 is obvious. The USA possesses replete military force and power to destroy any enemy on its way. The thing is that there is no justification of the attacks that took place on that blue day, scarce it is possible to seek for the real reasons that forced Muslim terrorists to act in such a way. It is important to find this reason in order to guess the acts of Muslims if it is possible and do something to stop terrorist attacks, which ruin the life of hundreds people all over the world. First, Iraqi has always been at feud with Israel. Israel in its turn is straight off protected by the USA. That is why the USA found it possible to introduce its army on the territory of Iraq and Afghanistan. The main mistake of the USA that it considered itself to be airtight for the enemies blow. It must be mentioned, that it has always been true. The September attack is the most violent and impudent among all those attempts of the terrorists to take revenge.

Photosynthesis deep within ocean waters Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words

Photosynthesis deep within ocean body of waters - Essay ExampleThese little organisms sire a way to live in such places by adjusting accordingly and are highly resistant. The existence of smallbial life in deep ocean was discovered ages ago. They have been sorted out into different categories depending upon their properties. The sea bed is a diverse environment which is rich in alimentarys. The organic material settles mow as sediments at the bottom which comes from dead plants and animals and it is a source of energy for microbial life. Therefore in these sites most particularly the sea floor where nutrients are present diverse microbial communities exists. There are micro organisms which can survive even in energy depleted conditions that is when no or peculiar(a) amount of nutrients are present. Condition in deep sea is very critical as energy is most depleted there. It is difficult to understand how micro organisms survive in these conditions. (Feast and famine microbial life in the deep sea bed, 1 October 2007). Micro organisms can live in places where there is no light and an example of such place is deep sea. Sunlight cannot penetrate deep into the sea and the existence of microbial life in the dark regulate of sea floor is yet to be understood. Researchers have dedicated their studies to explore life in the darkness of deep sea. Recent discovery of microbial communities in deep sea hot spring vents gives the idea that the earliest existence of life might have occurred in the deep sea in the absence seizure of light. Before, this discovery it was assumed that light is necessary to survive as it is the primary source of energy but, now it is known that life that exists in deep sea vents survive on thermal and chemical energy provided by the vent which means that light is not necessary for survival. (Deep sea vent communities Did life commence in the abyss?) Scientific studies reveals how organisms manage to survive in hydrothermal vents. When co ld sea water mixes with the heat of hydrothermal vents it leads to the formation of organic compounds which is a source of nutrient for the organisms. The presence of vents in oceans also helps in maintaining the temperature and chemical balance of oceans and is a source of many renewable resources. Hydrothermal circulation occurs when sea water penetrates deep into the ocean where it gets change and then reacts with rocks and rises to the sea floor. This hydrothermal circulation plays an important role in removing and adding up different compounds and in this way maintains the composition of sea water. Hydrothermal circulation also helps in recycling the water of oceans through hydrothermal vents. (Deep sea vent communities Did life originate in the abyss?) The environment of hydrothermal vents is harsh for survival of life. The pitch darkness of vents, poisonous gases, presence of soggy metals, extreme acidity and enormous pressure makes the existence of life almost impossible. Yet, microbial communities exist at hydrothermal vents. In deep sea there is no light and when there is no light the presence of solar energy is out of question. All forms of light require light directly or indirectly as a source of energy but, life in deep sea is light independent. In this case organisms use geothermal energy as their energy source to carry out their life sustaining processes. Such organisms use inorganic chemicals derived from rocks and from sea water where nutrient is abundantly available in dissoluble form and utilize CO2 as their sole source of carbon. (Jean, Windsor, Between a rock and a hard place,

Social Security Program Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Social Security Program - Essay ExampleBoth the States and the Federal Government had started to distinguish that certain dangers in an inexorably industrialized economy could best be met through a social protection methodology to open welfare. That is, the contributory financing of social protection projects expertness guarantee that security was accessible as a matter of great with an open assistance approach whereby just those persons in need might be qualified for profits. In the United States, as in most streamlined nations, social protection first started with specialists remuneration (Mathews, 2014). A Federal law polish non military person workers of the Government in risky employments was received in 1908, and the first State recompense law to be held sacred was ordered in 1911. By 1929, specialists compensation laws were basically in everything except four States. These laws made industry answerable for the expenses of remunerating specialists. Advancement of U.S. curric ulums has been logical and incremental, formulated because of particular issues, and portrayed by an incredible level of decentralization (Livingston, 2008).The Office of the Chief Actuary (OCACT) arranges and coordinates a system of actuarial gauges and examines relating to the SSA-managed retirement, survivors and handicap protection programs and supplemental security pay program and to anticipated changes in these projects. Evaluates operations of the Federal Old-Age and Survivors Insurance Trust Fund and the Federal Disability Insurance Trust Fund gauges future operations of the effrontery stores behaviors investigations of project financing performs actuarial and demographic research on social protection and related system issues and appraisals future workloads. Provides specialized and consultative administrations to the Commissioner, the Board of Trustees of those two Trust

Reflective Blog Entry #1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Reflective Blog Entry 1 - Essay ExampleHaving communication goals will help me concentrate on what I indirect request to say and how I want to say it because I know what I want to attain in the end. In addition, as a professional, I must(prenominal) also be factual, practical, and concise when I express myself because this is how a true professional communicates with others. I should not waste the time of my audience or shelve by telling them irrelevant or vague study.As for the audience, the video asserts that they are important to the communication process, especially when using the audience-centered approach. The audience is critical to fortunate personal and business communication because they are stakeholders and they are the target end receivers of the message. The video emphasizes that utterers/writers should focus on experienceing and meeting the needs of the audience, by providing information that they need, by listening to their concerns, and by maintaining positive w orking relationships, if present. The video highlights that there is no effective communication at all if readers do not understand the message, at the minimum. Furthermore, if the speakers main communication goal is to persuade the audience, then it becomes more essential to know who the audiences are, such as their goals, motives, and conditions, so that the speaker can connect more meaningfully to the

Medieval Philosophy Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Medieval Philosophy - Term Paper ExampleExamining the writings of Augustine and Aquinas provides textual comparisons in catch how the two philosophers diverged in their opinions. Augustine The discussion that Augustine held about the Academicians shed light on his point of view where truth was concerned. He relates to his reader, within his letter to Romanianus, that the Academicians seem to remember that there are absolutes and that the truth is a delimitate place, although they do not bang where that place exists. He suggests that moving away from the Academicians and towards philosophy reveals that the truth is defined by the fact that the truth is truth, that it moves through the subject and rests in places where all can discern that it is true, a common place where wisdom is attained. In conclusion the center of truth, Augustine believes that it is through the study of philosophy that truth can be approached, but not through listening to those who would put that they know the truth definitively without learned truth. Cicero states in Academica 2.10.32 that The Academicians hold that something is plausible and in a way truth like, and that they employ this as a guide both in the expect of life and in philosophical investigation and discussion (Augustine 37). He goes on to discuss Zeno by saying He contended that nothing can be perceived boot out what is true in such a way that it can be distinguished from the false by a dissimilarity in their marks, and that opinion should not enter the mind of the smart man (Augustine 40). His purpose in going against the Academicians can be summed up in this statement that Augustine makes your Academicians should be likewise laughed at, since they say that in this life they follow something truth like, although they do not know what the truth is (Augustine 44). The Academicians sought the truth, but did not claim to have found it. Augustine discusses that wise men had, previous to the Academicians, been wise beca use their culture determined that they knew the truth. Academicians, on the other hand, felt that a wise man continued on a seek for the truth, but did not ever claimed to have found it. Augustine states that Reason, thenshows you that a wise man is the kind of person who is not ignorant of wisdom (Augustine 60). Augustine makes the affirmation that human beings can find wisdom and that they can discern the truth. He suggests that having knowledge that determines the truth is in the purview of the wise man. Without this accession, there can be no such thing as a wise man. This argument, then, is suggesting that rational thought is in defining what is true. He argues against those who would suggest that it is not possible to know or to assess truth. In meeting, the human being shows that he has a capacity beyond animals. In his discussion with Evodius, he shows that the human spirit of rationality comes from being able to understand beyond the inner sense. The inner sense can dis cern existence, but human reason can understand that there is existence. He moves through his discussion of understanding to explain wisdeom, then back to truth. He states

Health Promotion Proposal Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Health Promotion Proposal - Coursework ExampleThey propose Nucleic acid amplification tests as prefer diagnostic tests performed on vaginal swabs or urine sample. They also recommend annual Chlamydia screening for all sexually active females under age 25. surgical incision of Health The New York State (2006) recommends the measures to pr stock-stillt the spread of Chlamydia that include using a male or female condom, limiting number of sex partners and in case, one is exposed to infection he or she should avoid sexual contact and should visit the ne arest a sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinic, or doctor. It is advisable to bring sexual partner along with so that they end be examined for infection and if need be, given proper treatment. Chlamydia is a public wellness issue in Europe too because untreated Chlamydia may lead to poor reproductive outcomes in women. Chlamydia causes tubal infertility, ectopic pregnancy and pelvic insurgent disease (PID). Chlamydia is harmful to n ew born and may cause pneumonia and eye infections. It also facilitates the transmission of HIV. The cost of fertility treatment is high leading to in-vitro fertilisation and tubal surgery. Controlling Chlamydia is challenging due to its asymptomatic nature nevertheless, its prevention and control is practical through screening of tar beget population and treatment (European midsection for Disease Prevention and Control, 2009). The National Chlamydia Screening Program run by the department of health in the UK proposes to increase the testing regimen coverage from 25 % to 35 %. The evidence suggests that this will drastically reduce the prevalence of Chlamydia cases. Some estimates suggest that the programs past work has already reduced the prevalence by round 20 percent (Department of Health UK, 2011). Synthesis and Analysis Most literature across the globe agrees on certain aspects of Chlamydia infection. They all agree that its control is possible though concerted efforts are needed right from educating young adults on healthy sex activities using male or female condom, especially when ever-changing partners and screening periodically the target population for infection. Screening is simple and can ascertain Chlamydia infection with reliability. Covering larger population for screening and treating them if found infected, can decrease the incidents of Chlamydia over time. Treatment is cost effective and the infected person needs to take medications only for a week or so to get completely rid of Chlamydia. The Theoretical Framework for Chlamydia Control It is important to note that currently, no vaccine is available to prevent Chlamydia infection. It is caused by bacteria called C. trachomatis and the most captious part is that it remains asymptomatic for months to years and thus infected person can transmit the disease without knowledge of anyone. Alternative ways of control are therefore necessary to prevent transmission of infection and sequelae. Scre ening for C. trachomatis in the target population becomes a necessary intervention to detect the infection. The theoretical fashion model for Chlamydia control thus lies within an ambit of widespread screening and subsequent treatment process through medications. Repeat Chlamydia infection may occur even after treatment process is over. Partner treatment, educating the patient and repeated testing become necessary

Open Border Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Open Border - Essay ExampleThe easiest answer to why the border wall is a poor idea is this It lacks a showing of good will on the part of the United States. The border wall is a separatist action that screams, We start more than you. We know it, and want to make sure you dont have any of it. That not the message that many students on the campus of the University of Texas at Brownville and Texas Southmost College (UTB-TSC) think should be sent. In April 2007, students at UTB-TSC built their own wall. Its a moot in support of unfenced borders, (Sieff, 2008) Kevin Sieff writes. Sieff quotes student Abraham Ruiz as saying, So much is going to be separated or destroyed. That is true, and Sieff isnt the only one who believes it. K. Mangan writes, A fence would send the wrong message (Mangan, 2007). He adds that the United States government ought to pursue an alternative to a border fence (Mangan, 2007). While that statement, too, is correct, promoting good will is only one smart part o f why the wall should never come to be.Another large point is the fact that permission to build the wall has enhanced Department of Homeland Security powers to suspend more than 30 laws (Mclemore, 2008). Congress understands that this is happening, but victimisation the excuse that the good of the wall will certainly outweigh the bad. The problem with this is that we are talking about 30 laws, not one or two. Obviously, those 30 laws are in place for a reason. Building a fence, that we have no idea will even accomplish the goals the government claims it will, is not a good enough reason to ignore 30 laws. How does the government, even local or state, expect citizens to follow all the rules of society when it, at will, ignores 30 of them This is an recitation of a democracy that is not democratic. If the American government really felt this wall was in the best interest of the people, why not put it on the next ballot The reason is this We are not being asked if we think this is a good idea. We are being told that it is. Congress has taken the power absent from the people. This precedent cannot possible bode well for law abiding, tax paying citizens.What of historical preservations The United States is supposed to be a country that delights in its history. We arrest certain building historical landmarks so that we can enjoy them with our children. Then, our children can enjoy them with theirs. Why should that stop to erect a wall or fence UTB-TSC professor Tony Knopp states, There are strong historic forts along the border that would be affected by the fence. To put up a wall would only if destroy the historical ambience (Sieff, 2008). Historical preservation is important everywhere, even places that border Mexico. It is ludicrous to think that ruining historical landmarks is a good idea - ever. Just as important as preserving history, is the preservation of efforts to leave the environment clean and healthy for people, as well as animals. Congress is act ually considering waiving the unspoiled Drinking Water and Clean Air acts. For the acts to need waiving, means that the building of the wall is a threat the clean drinking water, and air pollution. There is no reason for any entity to threaten drinking water and

Module 6 Reflections Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Module 6 Reflections - Essay ExampleOne come across area that outstood in the module was the coding and interpretation of information. Through the tantalise I got so much insight on the best strategies of analyzing the data. I think of vividly the lecturers commandments of data analysis. The first thing addressed was that there is need to have a thorough understanding of the literature presented. The guerilla point involved adequate preparation while the other thing was to organize archival data in clear batches. Through these steps addition the reading from the textbook helped me have a solid understanding of the best approach to data analysis. I remember very well reading that data is supposed to be reviewed before it is coded.Another area of concern was in understanding the whole aspect of validity. I went through the textbook to gain farther insight on the topic hence I was able to get a number of concepts about the topic. It was not ringing into my mind the so called outsi de(a) and national validity but I sought help from a friend who distinguished the two aspects for me in concise details. According to what I understood, internal validity deals with the extent to which research findings minimizes the biasness that is achieved through the research while external validity refers to the generalizability of a research to other populations.Upon getting, the basic information through the lecture to the text, which provides some great insight on most of the aspects, learnt in class. Dr. Long shed some good light on the ways of dealing with bosom and rigor in qualitative research. Even if validity had proven somehow tricky to get the full concept behind it, Long mentioned the distinction surrounded by validity and credibility. However, despite the understanding one question still lingers in my mind and requires someone to give me an elaborate description. The difference between credibility and dependability is the area of concern.In module 4, I had enco untered a number of challenges in differentiating between

Sustainable Resources Are the Only Way forward Essay

Sustainable Resources Are the Only Way forward - Essay ExampleThe Island was a landmark of Gods magnificence but due to large de timberation by local inhabitants and changes in climatic patterns causing rains to stop resulted in forests being wiped off from the islands face. The inhabitants thus had nothing to feed on and in the end, they started eating on other humans. Thus man became an animal. The present deforestation in the Amazon is leading a path to a similar future because at the current rate it is predicted that in a couple of decades the forest will reduce by 40% in size. This will cause a striking shift in the carbon-absorbing pattern of the area and consequently, the temperatures there will rise to make it harder for the rest of the 60% of the remaining forest to survive (Wright & Nebel, 2007). The decline will, therefore, be at an exponential rate consequently resulting in the elimination of the Amazon from the face of the earth.The fact that government laws allow suc h developments to take personate is almost alarming. It is legally allowed to clear the forest by any means if the intention is to grow crops (soybeans in this case) and this results in the ownership of the land furthermore, cleared land is expenditure more and forested land so owners who wish to keep their property in good value, do not let the forest reclaim their place naturally. This shows a sense of heightened selfishness in the local population of Brazil. Clearly, the concept of alternative resources is not a very popular practice and the locals are bent upon destroying the forest without being aware of the disastrous consequences just like the old tribes of Easter Island.

Medical Records and Privacy of the Famous Essay Example for Free

Medical Records and Privacy of the Famous EssayMedical Records and Privacy of the Famous Privacy seems to be something that m whatsoever people desire, tho is becoming less and less available. With all(prenominal) the new technology, it is easier than ever to invade someones cover. With cameras e reallywhere, from ATMs to peoples cell phones, it is rocky for anyone to do anything that can be kept to one s self. While privacy is a remunerate that the average person doesnt normally fight back with, it is a problem that celebrities encounter everyday. Paparazzi atomic number 18 constantly following these famous people around as they do their everyday things like shopping, playing with their children, partying, or simply hanging in their homes. It is basically the price to pay to be famous. While these celebrities lives are invaded to a large degree, shouldnt they still enjoy the right to keep some aspects of their lives private? Celebrities should have the right to keep thing s like medical exam records private, because not only is it a violation of the Health Insurance Portability and office Act (HIPPA), it is unethical to release medical information to the highest degree someone to the commons, steady celebrities.In recent years, there have been a number of break-ins of laurels medical records that have been leaked to the tabloids. In 2006 one of the countrys leading medical institutions discovered that the security of their medical records had been breached when The National Enquirer printed a grade about Farrah Faucets cancer relapse, before the actress even told any of her family members (Steinhaurer, 2008). Ms. Faucet is not the only celebrity who has had this happen.In 2007, George Clooney was informed that his medical records were accessed by people who didnt have the right to look at them, following a motorcycle crash that left the actor with broken ribs and scrapes. Britney Spears was also a victim when the media reported that she was i nvoluntarily hospitalized in 2008 and put in the psych ward under the thought she could be a danger to new(prenominal)s or herself. Gossip outlets and other news media reported on her interactions with staff and visitors throughout her hospitalization (Techweb, 2008).These are incidents that have occurred for many years, as tabloids are always interested in the medical issues celebrities deal with, and keeping it under wraps is more difficult with technology making it easier for anyone to gain instant access to health secrets. With the advent of networked computers, the problem has increased exponentially, and celebrities are constantly surrounded by people who are willing to trade in medical information for profit or their own 15 proceedings (Blankstein, 2008).While the people who accessed the records of these celebrities and leaked the stories are definitely at fault, I think that much of the blame also lies with the reporters and journalists who actually print and air the stori es. The water closet is violating privacy by releasing these stories in two ways, legally and ethically. Medical privacy rules apply to everybody, including celebrities, Alicia Mitchell, spokesperson for the American Hospital Association said. Everybody is entitled to confidentiality of what is often very personal information (Rhea, 2007). By printing the very private medical information, there was a violation of HIPPA.HIPPA is an act that went into effect in 1996 and it set a national standard for securing and protecting patient health information. Hospitals have strict policies against leaking information, with the exceptions of insurance and law enforcement investigations. Because of this law, many health care providers wont even admit to treating some patients (Techweb, 2008). While the people who leaked the stories to the press have been reprimanded by either suspension or termination, there wasnt any grapheme of consequences for the press for reporting this illegal material. That brings me to the ethical violation. Depriving people of their privacy is a cruel and immoral act, which could destroy their lives. The sole objective of tabloids is to make money, so theyll go to any extreme to satisfy their readers and increase circulation figures (Heng, 2006). It is obvious that celebrity news is an outlet that sells, as seen by the numerous tabloids and entertainment shows. The public has an interest in what is spill on in the lives of these rich and glamorous people.This brings on a form of mediated voyeurism, which can be defined as, the consumption of revealing images and information about others real and unguarded lives, not always for the purpose of entertainment but frequently at the expense of privacy and discourse, through the means of the mass media (Calvert, 2000). essentially saying that the public has a need to see these famous people and learn about their lives, even at the risk of invading their privacy. The tabloids simply apply the publics desire to learn these things, regardless of the ethical issues of invading a human beings privacy.They know people will get it and that they will make money. I think that to be an ethical journalist it is important to empathize with the person whose life is about to be splashed on the papers. Of course there is the matter of getting the report and pleasing the readers and the editor, but it should take into account the publics real right to know. A story about the health of someone like the President of the United States might be something worth printing, because knowing how he is medically is of public interest because this is a man that is running the country.However, that is a different scenario with someone like Britney Spears. She is simply an entertainer and it isnt important for the public to know her health because it will not incite the daily lives of people. It is simply news that the public likes to learn about. If I were a journalist, I would like to think to myself how I would feel if someone had released my medical records for the public to read. I would feel very violated. As Lance Morrow states, Good journalistic standards are not difficult to state, just tough sometimes when applied eggshell by case.Journalists function best when they are mature, experienced, and intelligent when they keep their work as clear and simple as possible when they fall back upon decency and common sense if questions arise about whether to run a piece (Morrow, 2002). If these people were true journalists, they would think ethically about whether or not to release this type of information, and whether or not it is simply the decent thing to do. I would think that it would be an easy answer because, just because someone is famous, doesnt mean that all of their privacy rights should be violated.

Gold Bear Golf INC. Essay Example for Free

Gold Bear Golf INC. Essay1.The professional analyzeing standards have a set of five management assertions. Of the five assertions, three argon very important in regards to the Paragon visit. The descriptions below, audit procedure is explained that would have ensured the audit was completed accurately. a.Occurrence- The management assertion that ensures a particular transaction genuinely happened. In the case of a construction company such as Paragon, this could be verified by going to a job site and checking to calculate if the job is actually happening. b.Valuation/Allocation- The management assertion that ensures the transactions atomic number 18 accounted for the correct amount. Changing from percentage-of completion method to the earned value method resulted in importantly overstated revenues and material misstatements in the financial statements. The audit procedure that should take place in this situation is inspection of the records. Looking back at the records woul d give the change was not supported by the accepted accounting standards. c.Presentation/Disclosure- The management assertion that ensures all changes within a company atomic number 18 stated in the notes of the financials. These changes should be easy to understand and depict a complete picture of the company from the year. The audit procedure that should have taken place during the audit is inquiry. Sullivan and the rung should have questioned the managers on his or her decisions instead of taking their word as to why the changes were made.2.The audit failures the SEC were referring to was the fact that Sullivan and his staff relied on the managers word. Sullivan and staff did not perform the accurate assertions to test the information provided from Paragons managers. The audit partner, Sullivan in this case, is the individual who is in charge of ensuring everyone on the audit is performing his or her job completely and accurately. Sullivan will take the blunt of the responsibi lity beca white plague he is ultimately the person who is in charge of overseeing the auditing the audit as a whole, but the audit staff should also face consciences from the findings.3.A high risk audit means the chance that of material misstatement and fraudulent activities are significantly high. Weak controls, changes in management, and changes in accounting methods are several reasons why an auditor would conclude a company is a high risk engagement. The audit partner basis the risk of engagement on his or her observations from the company. When working a highrisk engagement, an auditor will examine a higher percentage of the transactions from throughout the year. Checking more transactions means the auditors are going to produce the most accurate financials possible and ensuring no fraudulent activities are taking place within the company.4.Auditors do have the responsibility of following the AICPA Audit and Accounting Guides for specialized industries. The AICPPA set guidel ines for companies in these industries to follow to ensure the overthrow product is of highest quality. Auditors should make sure the managers are following all of the rules and regulation set forth for that type of company, but these guidelines should never override or tack the Statements on Auditing and Standards. The Statement and Auditing Standards is the rule book for how and what is to be performed in an audit. the AICPA should make the Audit and Accounting Guides for specialized industries in accordance with the Statement and Auditing Standards so the companies are operating with the highest quality, in both products and financial standing.5.When making a change in the accounting principle used within a company, there has to be very good reason why the company wants to. When these changed are made, they must be presented retrospectively. Managers must produce the financial statements for the past several years so the public can see the effects it has on the company. On the other hand, the changes in accounting estimates are applied prospectively. Managers use the new method in estimating cost and revenues from that point forward. The changes Paragon made are for accounting estimates. The percentage-in-completion method and the earned value method are accounting estimate methods. Boyd and Curbello will use the new method from that point forward. The problem Paragon ran into is disclosure. The changes were not properly disclosed in the financials. This is a problem because two method result in very different numbers for the company.

Interaction nexus between real estate market and macroeconomics

Interaction inter-group communication surrounded by original demesne market and macro economicalalsIn this chapter, I result review the subsisting interrogationes ab out(p) the fundamental interaction nexus between accepted ground market and macroeconomics while analyzing and summarizing the data structure and the methodologies used. Considering Chinas specific subject conditions and policies, I will shed light on Chinese hovictimization falsifiable studies, and estimate their seek from different economic aspects, expecting to provide a useful perspective for my further look for.Ho employ impairment is the expenditure form by two supply and supplicate sides in the very soil market. According to the fluctuations in prop wrongs in each country, house charges generally require three characteristics endicity, city differences, and blather. Periodicity refers to how historical state price fluctuations argon cyclically or periodically associated with both micr oeconomic and macroeconomics fluctuations.Early in the 1960s, after Richard Muth (1960) strictly developed a lodging market competitive theory, a lot of economist studied the ho apply market from the perspective of microeconomics. In 1969, under a lot of assumptions, Olsen (1969) imbed that if the house market were perfectly competitive, the poor would not pay more per unit for caparison. However, in the survey done by Richard Arnott (1987), which reviewed the microeconomic postureing of the housing sphere developed at that time, it was establish that even if the competitive theory of housing market is reasonably sophisticated and well developed, it is notwithstanding hard to as legitimate the adequacy of it in developing the effects of a particular housing insurance policy since there are no well-articulated alternative models.Then, in subsequently years, scholars focused more on the study of the birth between the accredited estate market and macroeconomic basics. Acco rding to personal line of credit cycle theory, there is interaction between real estate prices and macroeconomic fundamental variables. One or more macroeconomic variables will cause fluctuations in real estate prices, besides, in the meantime, changes in the real estate constancy in any case will lead to macroeconomic unpredictability. In the change process, they formed a mutually reinforcing interaction mechanism. On the basis of the existing literature, macroeconomics adjoin real estate prices primarily through the real estate supply and take aim, which stomach be subdivided into GDP, income, consumption, interest rates, exchange rates, puffiness, grammatical construction costs, place down prices, pious platitude cite, and other basic economic variables. In ramble to understand the violation of real estate price fluctuations on the macroeconomics, to the highest degree existing studies contemplated from the perspective that the prices affect total consumption and t otal investment.Since there is a close relationship between real estate prices and macroeconomic volatility, the empirical research of their interactive relationship has al expressions been very important in the field of economics. At present, the relevant research literatures can be divided into dickens categories (a) The first type importantly analyses the relationship between real estate prices and the whole macroeconomic basic principle (b) The second type analyzes the relationship between real estate prices and one or several specific macro-basic variables (GDP, income, interest rates, investment and so on). We will now detail the two types.2.2 Housing prices and macroeconomic fundamentalsThe real estate industry has become a mature industry in umpteen developed countries. According to existing literature, well-nigh of the economists empirical research is derived primarily from the perspective of equilibrium theory. Based on the traditional regression analysis model, they used more independent linear systems, numerical economic models and others to analyze the dataGenerally speaking, the macroeconomic fundamentals will affect the investment, credit, and overly, the change of interest rate will affect the supply of real estate. On the other hand, economic appendage will affect the income and thus affect the demand for real estate. According to equilibrium theory, under the market competition mechanism, the market will eventually be cleared through real estate prices.However, Case and Shiller(1987, 1989, 1990) found that the housing market does not appear to be very effective it is contrary to the efficient market hypothesis. Then, in Clapp and Giaccottos study (1994), they not only confirmed Case and Shillers (1987, 1989, 1990) result but also found macroeconomic changes have a estimable predictive ability for real estate prices. Clapp and Giaccotto (1994) used the data of East Hartford, Manchester, and West Hartford over the period from October 1 , 1981, to September 30, 1988, with 2 methods the repeat gross sales method and the assessed value (AV) method. They found that the local unemployment and expected inflation have considerable fortune telling ability for the housing prices and compare with the first-time house, the repeat housing exponent is more sensitive in the short run due to the lagged economic factors It showed the housing market does not meet the efficient market hypothesis (Clapp and Giaccotto, 1994).With a much dogged-life data set than common literature, Holly and Jones (1997) provided a more universal perspective on the behavior of housing prices in UK. In order to seek the co-integrating relationships between housing prices and long run, they ran a regression with the housing prices and economic factors such as real income, the user cost, and building society alter. The results showed that, with the riddance of population, al just about all the factors were rejected at the 1% level in the unit root test, and that the most important determinant of real housing prices was real income the dynamic adjustment of housing prices is asymmetrical it depends on whether housing prices are below or above the long run equilibrium. When housing prices are above equilibrium, they seem to adjust back more quickly (Holly and Jones, 1997).But, Br suffer, Haiyan, and McGillivray (1997) thought that since the early 1980s, the UK housing market had suffered a number of structural changes consequently, the parameter was in unchangeable, meaning those models that grow the underling data-generating process are not appropriate. Under an assumption that the economic system is unstable, they adopted the Time Varying Coefficient (TVC) methodology, and found TVC specification outperforms the alternative aeonian parameter specifications of housing prices. Because most of the models have failed to predict the 1992 housing price downturn, part of further research was planned to use the TVC specification to examine the models forecasting ability beyond 1992.Using the data in the past 25 years of 6 European countries (France, Germany, Italy, Spain, Sweden and the UK), Iacoviello (2002) established dynamics of house prices by using a tractable value at risk framework in a straightforward way, which we call SVAR model. He pointed out that house price inflation is highly sensitive to the forces movement economic fluctuations different housing and credit market institutions mash different role in the IS-LM Phillips curve paradigm, but this relationship might change with the ever-changing of institutions in admission, regulatory legal structure and new pecuniary policy also will affect that relationship (Iacoviello, 2002). Similarly, using the SVAR model, DeHaant and Sterken (2004) studied 13 developed countries real estate markets. Their results showed that, to one country, compared with stock, housing plays a more important role in consumption and output when housing price raise 1%, consumption will raise 0.75% when housing price raise 1.5%, GDP will raise 0.4% (DeHaant and Sterken, 2004).In the Asian market, Quigley (2002) pointed out that, although most of the existed models can generate patterns of housing price changes over time in response to varying conditions in economic fundamentals, there was little research on the effect of changes in property markets upon subsequent economic conditions. With his empirical study, he determined that economic fundamentals do not explain most of the variation in the housing prices in short run, and that there were many bubbles in Asian property market during the late 1990s (Quigley, 2002). At the aforementioned(prenominal) time, Miki Seko (2003) adopted the SVAR model to analyze the Japanese housing prices. In his paper, the results showed there is a strong relationship between Japanese housing market and its economic fundamentals and by analyzing the economic factors, the development of the real estate market can be pr edicted (Miki Seko, 2003).It is clear that housing is not just a traffic pattern consumption goods, it is a large share of the overall macro-economy. Significant fluctuations in macro-economy would cause significant volatility in housing market. On the other hand, the volatility in housing market also implies the fluctuations in macro-economy. However, the interactive nexus between housing market and the different aspects of macro-economy is different. Thus, besides the studies that analyzed the macro fundamentals-housing market, most economists study from different angles to examine the interactive nexus between housing market and one or several specified macro variables.2.3 macro-basic variables2.3.1 Supply and demandTheoretically, price is determined by supply and demand sides. In the housing market, the relationship between supply and demand is formed by many macroeconomic factors, and with the changes in these factors, supply and demand continues to change. Therefore, some ec onomists thought the greatest shock absorber on housing prices comes from the supply and demand, and have dedicated their research in this area.Normally, in the real estate industry, the supply side is mainly affect by land price, facilities costs, construction tax, construction exploration and design cost, and so on. And, among them, land price is the most important factor.Since housing is a product, it is not just a demand price, but also a supply price. In the real estate economic activities, land purchase and development is the beginning and the foundation, and land purchase cost is the most important part of housing costs. From the supply perspective, the land price fluctuations are an important factor in housing price volatility. On the contrary, due to land supply is restricted by the natural there is a lack of flexibility. Therefore, land price is mainly decided by its demand side, which is mainly composed by the real estate business. The real estate industry has a huge im pact on the land market as well.In order to examine the interactive nexus between housing price and land price, Peng and Wheaton (1994) analyzed the Hong Kong market. Because Hong Kong is a small island with a fixed boundary, it would be clear what the influence of land supply on housing prices. Using a modified stock-flow model, their results showed that the supply restrictions in Hong Kong have caused higher housing prices but not lower housing output (Peng and Wheaton, 1994). Similar outcomes can be found in Alyousha and Tsoukis (1999) study. They employed the quarterly data from England and Wales from the period Q1, 1981-Q2, 1994 to explore the implications of intertemporal optimization for house and land prices (Alyousha and Tsoukis, 1999).Adopting a simple housing flow supply model, which is establish on the Euler equation (Hall, 1978), they found that, under a perfect competition, house prices are co-integrated with land prices and house building costs. But, through the Grang er test, Hall (1987) found housing price is not the land prices cause. Also, after an econometric analysis of American cities, Edward, Joseph and Hilber (2002) determined that land price was positively correlated with regional economic development, the level of human capital, and have no direct relationship with housing price.As for demand side, existing research usually examined from the aspects which are disposable income, GDP, property taxation, population and so on. There is a large diverse literature related to the housing and taxation because it is clearly that property taxation would directly affect the housing purchasing decisions, and further affect the housing demand. Just like United States, the tax system seems to favor housing ownership in many countries. Thus, Dimasi (1987) employed a computable, spatial general equilibrium model and found out that differential tax treatment on land and capital can cause a significant social welfare loss. Many other general equilibrium models also found out tax policies that favor the housing sector would lead to a significantly nix impact on both housing sector and aggregate income.From another special perspective, Mankiw and Weil (1989) examined the relations between demography-induced changes in housing demand and real house prices in the United States. They thought that the Baby Boom generation into its house-buying ages was the major cause of the increase in housing prices in the 1970s and the housing demand would grow more slowly in the next decade because of the population structure. Changes in housing demand will further affect the housing price (Mankiw and Weil, 1989)). However, unlike the estimations of Mankiw and Weil (1989), Gary and James (1990) using postwar data from Canada, and found that even if the demographic patterns were similar in Canada and United States, the aggregate time series correlation between shifting demographics and real house prices is distinctly different. From the empirical an alysis, they considered there is a statistically insignificant, but in most cases, demographic demand is negative associated with house prices (Gary and James, 1990).2.3.2 Monetary policyGenerally speaking, as an overall policy, monetary policy is mainly relate to control the trend and fluctuations of aggregate demand the impact on the real estate market and the sensitivity of the housing price should be limited. However, as the changing in the structure of global pecuniary markets and developing in real estate industry, the nexus between them has become more and more close, monetary sector has become an important reference indication in the housing market. It is also proved in Alan, John and Brians (2005) study. They found, in eighteen major industrial countries, certain financial conditions (ample liquidity, low interest rates, and financial deregulation) were usually present in past housing price surges, and could conceivably raise the probability of the intensity or the occu rrence of the rise.As for interest rate, considering from the supply side, when it turn down, real estate investment and real estate mortgage loans will continuously pour into the real estate industry, and promote housing prices continuing to rise. But, as for the demand side increasing in interest rates will directly affect consumers credit repayment costs so that some consumers would out of the housing market, which affecting the real estate demand, and further led to corresponding changes in real estate prices. By studying the impact of real and nominal interest rates on real estate prices, Harris (1989) thought that changes in real interest rates could explain the market price level nominal interest rates affect housing price only when the real estate value is expected to rise.Among the monetary policy, bank credit and investment are the most important determinates. As the real estate industry is capital-intensive industry, and most of the funds come from the bank credit and in vestment, the change in bank load will significantly affect the supply of real estate industry. Besides, a large part of real estate loans are mortgage loans, the value of real estate products in the market determines the size of the loan amount in this industry. In 2004, Davis and Zhu (2004) discovered, in the long term, bank credit is positively correlated with house prices, and effect of housing price on the bank credit is very significant, but in their paper, the reverse impact was still uncertain.Matteo (2005) developed and estimated a monetary business cycle model with nominal loans and collateral constraints tied to housing values. Since collateral effects allow the model match the positive response of real spending to a housing prices shock, Matteo (2005) found fall in the housing prices will reinforced the impact negative monetary shock on real rate, consumption and output. Similarly, based on the Hong Kong sample, Gerlach and Pengs (2005) thought property prices would dete rmine bank dedicate, but, it was interesting that they found bank lending does not appear to influence property prices in Hong Kong.2.3.3 CyclesEmpirical evidence shows that there is a cyclical movements and volatility in the housing market, and obviously, this kind of cyclical movements would relate to the economic cycles. Economics found that it would be useful and interesting to explore these movements in the housing market, thus many studies examined the housing-economy cycle relationship from both qualitative and quantitative aspects. Greenwood and Hercowitz (1991) and Baxter (1996) build up a dynamic general equilibrium models to reproduce the co-movement of business and residential investment that observed in the US. Davis and Heathcote (2001) also considered that, in the US, the residential investment lead the cycle while the non-residential investment lags the cycle, and this co-movement between housing market and macro-economy has been documented for several countries.Al so, economics often analyze real property market tie to long cycles. Gottlieb (1976) considered, the amplitudes of housing cycles are larger than typical business cycles, and the periodicity might be significantly longer than those of the business cycle. For instance, Ball (1998) showed, in UK, new commercial property cycles have a 10 years duration while they are independent of the business cycle. Employing the cross-country data and the Kalman Filter technique, Ball (1999) again found significant long cycles of new construction, which with periodicity of 20-30 years in both residential and non-residential real estate markets.As we can see, the importance and sensitivity of real estate prices attracted a large number of scholars to concerned. Based on the review above, the existing literatures are mainly adopting the cross-section data and time series data, so that the specific econometric methods of housing models are mostly focusing on traditional run-of-the-mine least squares m odel (OLS), value at risk model (VAR), tractable value at risk framework in a straightforward way (SVAR), co-integration and so on.2.4 Empirical evidence in the Chinese contextCompare with developed countries, Chinese real estate market started relatively late. But along with Chinas rapid economic development, the real estate industry is also showing a good development trend. As real estate investment occupies a very high proportion of total investment in fixed assets, and the volatility in real estate market is closely related to macroeconomic and national policy, the issue of housing prices is not only related to a citys development, but also related to financial security and the living cost of frequent people. Thus, Chinese economists have also attached great importance to the development of the real estate market, and conducted extensive research. However, since the late development of Chinas statistical system, the database is not perfect, most of the Chinese scholars just ana lyzed the relationship between housing market and macroeconomic theoretically, empirical studies are relatively small.2.4.1 FundamentalsFirst, because of the importance impact of macro fundamentals on real estate prices, using appropriate data and models to estimate the nexus between them has always been the focus of Chinese economists. Adopting the housing index and macro fundamental data (1995-2002) of 14 cities, Shen and Liu (2004) employed a mixed regression, and empirically examined the relationship between housing prices and economic fundamentals. The results showed the impact of macro fundamentals on housing market is quite different in different cities. The explain model was significant affected by the city characteristics (Shen and Liu, 2004).Song and Wei (2009) using a co-integration and vector error modified model, and considered that, in long run, there is a long-term stability of the dynamic equilibrium between real estate prices and macroeconomic but when short-term im balances, it becomes into a negative feedback mechanism. Song and Wei (2009) also found that fluctuation of GDP and inflation is the Granger cause of housing price volatility and the impact of interest rates is not significant. Based on partial least-squares regression (PLS), Wang and Xie (2010) estimate the annual data of China within the period of 1999-2008. They thought land prices, capital size and national wealth are the top three factors that affect Chinas price changes at present although the influence of long/middle-term loan rate is weak, money supply do play a very prominent role in Chinas housing prices volatility (Wang and Xie, 2010).In addition to the analysis of real estate market and macro fundamentals, Chinese economists also studied the housing market from different economic perspective and tie to their own national circumstances and policies.2.4.2 bolt down priceAs the reforming of Chinese housing system and land system, the housing sales prices were climbing high er and higher until the financial crisis in 2008, but, after a short depression, the price still maintain the rising trend. General view is that, due to the land purchase cost is the main cost which constitute the housing costs, high land prices is the main reason of high housing prices. Especially after the Ministry of Land Resources released two new policy1of land sale, more people think that the skyrocketed of housing prices is because of the high land prices. The policies require that any commercial, tourist, entertainment, commercial housing and other kinds of business land essential be transferred by tender, auction or listing mode. After the new land policies, the land transfer cost rose sharply and almost in the same period, the housing prices have skyrocketed as well.Thus, from the point of view of China Real Estate Association, Yang (2003), Bao (2004) and Cheng (2004) thought since a large number of land minutes using auctions, land prices increased dramatically. And lan d purchase costs account for 30% percent of the housing prices, hence construction costs raised, further driving a rapidly rise in housing prices this Cost-push theory was also supported by a large number of real estate developers (Yang, 2003 Bao, 2004 Cheng, 2004). But, Ministry of Land Resources hold the opposite view. Deputy Minister Fu (2006) considered that even if the tender, auction or listing transaction mode will lead an increase in land prices, it might not raise the housing price, the most important factor affecting housing prices is still supply and demand in the housing market. On the contrary, Fu (2006) thought, land is a production factor of real estate industry the demand for land is generated by the demand for housing, therefore, huge demand in housing market and the rapidly increase in housing prices makes demand for land, and further drive the land prices rise.However, Wang and Wu (2009) did not agree both of them. Employing the panel data from 28 regions, they fo und, in China, although land prices promoting housing prices in long-run and housing prices driving an increase in land prices in both long-run and short-run, this mechanism depends on the region. Wand and Wu (2009) thought that the interaction between land prices and housing prices is different in different regions, so the relationship between them should be implement regional studies and cannot be generalized.2.4.3 Bank creditAfter the 1997 Asian financial crisis, in order to stimulate economic growth, China implemented a proactive monetary and monetary policy repeatedly issued bonds, reduced interest rates several times, vigorously infrastructure real estate industry become a national priority support industry and the financial sector continue to increase the real estate credit. But until now, Chinas banking system is still not perfect most of the loans are mortgage loans, therefore, value of real estate products in the market will directly determine the size of credit.Typically , the credit will play two roles in the housing market. If the real estate prices cyclical rising, since financial institutions anticipate the housing prices can keep rising in the following, banks will relax lending conditions, thus, the increasing housing prices will directly lead to the upswing in real estate bank credit. Because of land and real estate products supply is very springless in the short-term, to some extent, the upswing in real estate bank credit will further push up house prices increase. By the same token, the decline in house prices leads to a decline in the quality of bank assets, reduce the size of bank funds, so banks will abate the amount of credit, which will further decrease the housing prices.Based on the panel data of credit and housing market, Li (2004) considered that among Chinas current macro-economic control policy, credit policy play the most significant role in the real estate market. He also believed the flexibility of supply side and demand side is different, so the impact of monetary policy on the supply is greater than that on demand (Li, 2004). Employing the error subject field model and VAR model, Zhong and Yan (2009) thought that there existed a stable equilibrium relationship between the volatility of real estate prices and credit in long-run. After the Granger test, Zhong and Yan (2009) found real estate prices and the amount of real estate credit influence each other and they both are the Granger cause for each other. Studying on the East Asian financial crisis, Xiang and Li (2005) also believed bank credit expansion played a very important role in the formation of the real estate bubble in East Asian countries. Thus, in order to ensure the health of Chinas real estate development, it should strengthen the financial system construction and regulation (Xiang and Li, 2005).2.4.4 OthersIn addition, through calculating the Lerner index2(Lerner, 1934) of the real estate market in China, Li (2005) considered the level o f monopoly in Chinas real estate market is very high. evening if as the market economy developing, the competition in the real estate market will gradually get better, but this process will be very slow (Li, 2005). And from another special perspective, Yin (2010) thought the existence of North paradox3behavior (North, 1981) in the local government is an important cause of housing price fluctuations. Local government is lack of intrinsic motivation to stabilize the real estate market local governments various rescue policies are also mainly based on the purpose of obtain more land transfer fees thus just depends on local governments behavior can not maintain healthy and sustainable development of the real estate market, the central government should implement more effective macroeconomic policies (Yin, 2010).Comparing with foreign literatures, Chinas real estate market research also adopting cross-section data, time series data, especially panel data. Relevant econometric methods ar e co-integration approach, Granger test, error correction model (ECM), and panel data model in the meantime, the analysis about the impact of macroeconomic policy is also Chinese economists priority concerns.2.5 DeficienciesHowever, for the following aspects, Chinas research is still inadequateThe studies on macroeconomic policy are more focused on the theoretical analysis they are lack of a comprehensive empirical analysis.Currently, the analysis of macroeconomic fluctuations is mainly under an assumption of closed economy. But, with economic globalization, Chinas real estate market will be more affected by international economic development, so the discussion of the relationship between the real estate prices and macro economic fluctuations that under an open economy is more meaningful.There is no analysis of government expenditure in Chinas real estate literatures. However, according to macroeconomic theory, government investment will promote mystical investment, thereby affecti ng the real estate investment and price. So, the empirical quantitative estimation about the real estate prices and government spending will contribute to the in-depth analysis of the relationship between the government and the real estate market.